APPENDIX 1 The Verre collection in the Jos and Lagos Museums
This annotated accession list of Verre and some related objects in the Jos Museum is based overwhelmingly on the collection made by Tim Chappel for the Federal Department of Antiquities during 1966. Information comes from Chappel's lists of objects by types, his analysis of his ten field notebooks, as well as from photographic evidence, predominantly of duplicates of original images deposited in the Jos or Lagos museums. Our photographic record is incomplete, based on prints and not negatives, and of variable quality; some of it consists of contact prints (images printed directly from 35mm negatives without enlargement) with inevitable loss of detail. Nancy Maas graciously shared copies with us of her sketches made during research at the Jos Museum in 1974 of items collected by Chappel and others; we have included these to illustrate objects for which we have no photograph, and to provide additional detail about objects for which we do have illustrations. Some colour slides now in the Arnold Rubin Archive in the Fowler Museum at UCLA augment these records. We are grateful to Gassia Armenian for responding to our enquiry by adding further images from the archive to those already online and from those that came to us via Nancy Maas. We cannot reliably say in all cases, which of these images Rubin himself took in Jos Museum in 1970-71, which might have been taken there by others, and which are not from the Museum but of private collections. Sundry other records show that Verre objects continued to be added to the Verre collection of the Jos Museum after 1966, although these came to our attention haphazardly. Our list is not designed to be a reconstruction of the original accession register but to provide the best information we can offer from all these sources. The original accession register will have been a much shorter document. Given the absence of provenance for most Nigerian artworks collected in the post-colonial period, we have erred on the side of the comprehensive, for instance, noting purchase price when this was recorded. In 1966, Nigeria still used the pre-decimal British system of pounds, shillings and pence (£sd): £1 = 20s; 1s = 12d). The naira was introduced in 1973 with a value of 10s. In the almost half century since then, after initially increasing, the value of the naira against the pound has fallen from two to around five hundred. Chappel recorded the price of a goat in 1966 (see 683) (presumably one of medium size) to be 15/-, and to have been considered equivalent 'traditionally' to four cockerels, which would have made them 3/9 each if traditional proportionalities held. It may well be indicative of their perceived decline in value that the 1966 cash purchase price of many items was below the monetary equivalent of their recalled 'traditional' cost in livestock.
To convey a sense of the entirety of at least one phase of collection for the Jos Museum in the period, we have included the non-Verre items collected during 1966 when Chappel was primarily focused on the Verre. These non-Verre items are distinguished in our list by a different and smaller font. To assist future investigation of the relationship between the metalworking traditions of the Bata, Bachama and Verre, we have also included some objects from the first two of these peoples, mostly collected in 1965. An account of historical brassworking among the Bata and Bachama would be essential to a local picture situating the Verre alongside their neighbours (who would also include Chamba and Koma).
Dimensions
Where the dimensions of bells are provided, the abbreviations refer to:
H height overall, including handle when appropriate;
W width, exterior dimension shoulder to shoulder;
IH interior height; LIH & SIH in the case of a double bell with large and small chambers;
WM width at mouth (LWM & SWM for double bells);
ED exterior depth at the widest point of the mouth (LED & SED for double bells);
ID interior depth at the widest point of the mouth (LID & SID for double bells).
Subtracting the interior depth from the exterior depth of a bell indicates the thickness of metal at the widest point of its mouth (this would need to be divided by two in order to estimate the thickness on one face of the bell).
Accession numbers
The circumstances of Chappel's collection have been explained in our main text. The items he acquired during late 1965 included metalwares from the more northerly Bata. In early 1966, he had extended his collecting activity to more southerly Bata and begun occasionally to hear of or purchase items his informants attributed to the Verre. He was also aware of brass figures which had reached the Jos Museum before he was posted there, having most likely been bought by SUM missionaries. The objects Chappel collected in 1966, including those bought directly from Verre themselves, were later accessioned in Jos in sequence as 66.J11.number: (19)66 for the year of collection; J for Jos; 11 for the collection event that year; followed by a unique object number. Collection events might vary from single objects to some hundreds of them; Chappel's collection in 1965 began towards the end of the year, hence it being numbered 306; while his 1966 collection began early in the year, hence 11. The earliest item acquired by Chappel from the Verre themselves and prefixed in this way was (19)66.J11.98, and the latest (19)66.J11.820; making just over 720 intervening numbers. The information Chappel recorded for each item increased as the collection grew to include not just the local term for the object, and where he bought it (usually in Cholli or Tuki) with the name of the vendor, but also, when known, the place where his immediate vendor reported to have acquired the item. While there are no grounds to doubt them, these 'reported' origins could not be checked, and may well have been only the penultimate step in an object's several movements before it was acquired for the Nigerian museums.
Chappel retained the fieldnotes from which he compiled more polished reports for submission to Lagos. Three notebooks from 1965 (referenced as 65.volume number: page number), written between 10 August and 31 December, cover the collection accessioned as (19)65.J306; the earliest of the entries for 1966, from 4 January, were recorded in the last of the 1965 notebooks, after which another seven notebooks (referenced as 66.volume number: page number) covered the remainder of the (19)66.J11 collection, the final entry being made on 26 December 1966. Over 30 names of vendors of Verre materials are cited, with the majority of items coming via ten of them (see Appendix 2). Chappel's informants consistently differentiated between the more highly ornamented, and often larger, prestige pieces made for the use of (or possibly sale by) metalworkers, or Tibaai, and those made s made for Gazabi, or non-smiths. This distinction is not found in earlier sources, and we discuss its status in the main text. In December 1966, Chappel spent several days with some of his regular vendors/informants (principally Samuel Cholli and Yakubu) carrying out a 'final check' of the objects, their use and significance which he entered in his notebook 7. This final check sought among other matters to decide the most appropriate transcription of Verre terms and to add the prices of brassworks paid in livestock that were recalled as being 'traditional'. These informants' views are occasionally at variance with the information recorded at the time an item was purchased.
Note on photographic sources and transcription of terms
Photographic records made for the museum were identified by unique negative numbers consisting of: volume, film, and exposure. A 'volume' in Kenneth Murray's classification system might cohere in different ways. In this instance, all the photographs that derived from Chappel's collecting activities around Adamawa in 1965-66 were allocated to volume 16. The folders making up a volume contained numbered sheets of negatives, each sheet accommodating three films, designated individually by the letters A, B, or C. Hence, the 1st exposure of the first film of the Verre collection filed on sheet 7 (i.e. the 21st film) would be: 16.7A.1.
For the most part, our very incomplete photographic record has two sources: the earlier part of an intended complete photographic record, initiated under the curatorship of Allen Bassing, of the Adamawa collections (65.J306 and 66.J11) by the Jos Museum Photographer (films 16.1A to 16.6C), and selected items, principally of Verre metalwork, taken by Chappel himself before his departure from Nigeria in March 1967 (from film 16.7A onwards). The Jos Museum photographic record, including the greater part of the 66.J11 collection comprising Verre metal work, had not been completed by the time that Chappel was due to leave, hence his last-minute decision personally to record selected items for possible future reference. He was able to take four rolls of 35mm film (16.7.A/B/C and 16.8A), or around 140 frames, predominantly but not solely of Verre materials (with some Bata/Bachama and Yungur). Time constraints meant that many items, including crooks, hoes and daggers, which would have been key to this account, were not included. The negatives of all these photographs remained in Jos, where they were still held when Chappel was last in touch with Jos Museum in the early 1970s. Chappel did learn from Allen Bassing that the photographic record had been completed by the end of 1967 when the task of matching images to the accession record had started. Chappel did not, however, receive copies of these later photographs which should be in Jos. A few of these images may have reached us via Nancy Maas's notes.
All the images used here of items in the Jos Museum by 1966 which bear a reference number but no further attribution were taken either by the Jos Museum Photographer, or, from 16.7A onwards, by Tim Chappel. They are copyrighted to the National Commission for Museums and Monuments and used here with kind permission. In a few cases, as noted earlier, we have been able to augment the photographic record of the materials Chappel collected from the notes of her research shared by Nancy Maas and from the archive of Arnold Rubin at the Fowler Museum UCLA. These images are also copyrighted and we are grateful to Gassia Armenian for her help in locating them. A few images of wooden figures attributed to Verre and accessioned after the 1960s derive from research carried out by Richard Fardon and the late Christine Stelzig-Kron on Chamba figure sculptures.
At his suggestion, after Chappel's departure, Allen and Carolyn Bassing installed a display-cabinet of Adamawa metalwork, and in December that year Carolyn Bassing sent Chappel the three photographs of the installation we reproduce elsewhere in this account together with our attempt to identify the pieces on show (see, Interleaf).
Each month, Departmental Ethnographers submitted a written report to Kenneth Murray in Lagos, the then capital, indicating their movements and outlining their activities. At the same time, they provided information, including field photographs, for Murray's Card Index record of photographic and historical sources, which was held in the Lagos National Museum. The few of Chappel's field photographs available to us are copies he retained of those sent to Lagos (from some of the first nine films in the 16 folder: 16.1B, 16.1C, 16.2A, 16.3B, 16.3C, 16.4A).
With this background, we hope that future investigators may be able to check and supplement the record we have constructed from the diverse sources available to us against those held in the Jos and Lagos museums. Verre speakers will be able to improve our transcriptions of terms for objects in their language. Chappel's versions should be recognizable to them (providing the objects designated are still known) but he would emphasise that they were not informed by linguistic training. For various reasons likely to do with different informants, dialectal variation, and his own developing ear for basic Verre phonology, Chappel's own transcriptions were not consistent. We compared Chappel's with other transcriptions, particularly a draft dictionary by Roger Blench and Adrian Edwards, where the vocabularies overlap, and on that basis chose a transcription (for a fuller account, see Appendix 3). However, Verre speakers are advised to treat our versions only as prompts. While we have made a best guess at vowel qualities and length, we have not attempted to mark tone throughout. When singular and plural were both recorded, they appear here as singular (s) or plural (pl), although we are not confident in the consistency of plural formation across the five Verre noun classes we present here.
Accession record (non-Verre items in reduced font size)
46.5.19 & 20 National Museum Lagos - string of brass beads worn as anklet (mulem) and tin earrings, purchased by Kenneth Murray in Yola market.
46.29.8 National Museum Lagos - Fr Kevin Malachi Cullen 1946
Nancy Maas sketch and note - bell made in Lainde Boi
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Maas - notes on Cullen gift including 46.29.8
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National Museum Lagos - uncatalogued brass daggers; no collection date (possibly early 1970s if awaiting cataloguing at the time of Nancy Maas's research in 1974)
Nancy Maas sketch and note
73.1.600 Brass bell, purchased from Alhaji Audu Baba. Verre bell 'used by Fulani chiefs in the palace'. H. 22.8. Cost: Naira 35.
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JOS
In the Jos Museum by 1965, accession number unknown - 'Hansen/Toft bequest' via Kano: no further details, but these surnames occur on a list of SUM missionaries compiled by Elisabeth Holtegaard (Asbjørn Toft served 1965-66, Helge Hansen 1966-71, https://missionafrika.dk/mission-afrikas-historiske-hjoerne/ ). Copper alloy male figure wearing apron (TC: beneath the apron anatomical details represented, i.e. penis, scrotum and anus). Measurements: overall height 32.4cm; height to waistband (lower edge) 14.1cm; height from waistband to shoulder 11.5cm; outer finger to outer finger 15.5cm.
16.6B.37
16.8A.22 16.8A.23 73116.8A.24
16.8B.22 16.8B.23 16.8B.24
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Fieldnotes (1966 7: 29-32) record a later discussion centring on use of brass figures during Gangni. Such figures were 'worn'/carried only by older initiates (in their teens or twenties). Both male and female figures were used, but it was said that male figures were 'very difficult' to create; those involved said that they had never seen one. Told about the figure at Jos, which I described (no photo yet being available), Yesufu then claimed that it was he who had sold it to Toft, a claim that could not be followed up. On this occasion, three types of wan marus were distinguished: 1) wan marus kis [kiis] (s), yanga mari kitaki (pl), a female figure, given to older boys/young men, representing the initiate's 'future wife' (cf. Blench and Edwards/B&E, kiiz (s), kii (pl), wife), who would be told by saar: 'Your future wife is watching you and will laugh at you if you show fear. If you run away and leave this wan marus we shall kill you, so that you will never see a woman to marry'. 2) wan marus yaas (s), yanga mari yai (pl), a male figure (though no longer, apparently, operative in the contemporary initiation context), (cf. B&E, ya'az (s), ya'ri (pl), husband, males, men). 3) wan marus gorks (s), plural not recorded, most probably meaning 'friend' - given, if at all, to younger initiates and therefore a male figure as the term was employed in the context of an initiate holding his 'friend' and being told by the saari: 'This is your friend. If you run or show fear, he will laugh at you'. Some allowance was made, this suggests, at Gangni for the benefit of younger initiates, some of whom might be expected to react fearfully, but not for their more mature counterparts. Brass figures were expensive items: the 1966 cost of a brass figure was given as £5, and its recalled traditional cost as a cow.
By 1965, accession number unknown - 'Hansen/Toft bequest' via Kano: no details, but these surnames occur on a list of SUM missionaries, see previous entry. Squat copper alloy female figure. (This might be Verre with Dowayo stylistic affinities, given these are also evident in the wooden figures 664 and 665. Alternatively, if the Verre attribution was inferred only from the fact of the collectors also acquiring the previous figure, then it might come from elsewhere altogether, including the Cross River). Measurements: overall height 29.9cm; height to waistband (lower edge) 9.5cm; height from waistband to shoulder 10.1cm; outer finger to outer finger 14.2m. Included by Allen Bassing in the Jos Museum display case of Adamawa metalwork (see Interleaf).
16.8A.20 16.8A.21 16.8B.20 16.8B.21
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Items collected by Chappel in 1965 from Bata and Bachama. For the most part, these cannot be considered to be of Verre manufacture but are indicative of a regional context.
65.J306.72-5 These four brass cuff bracelets (wulto, Bachama). Acquired, 11.11.1965, at Geren (Girei District) from inhabitants, who self-identified as Bachama. A member of the killa, blacksmith/formerly brasscaster clan, claimed to know about, and occasionally produce brass items using, the cire perdue process. An iron spear (seen but not purchased) had been made by another member of the killa clan, Dankaro. Asked about the four brass armbands worn by women when dancing, he said that this type of object was no longer made, and he himself did not know the process involved. They had been produced 'long ago' by forefathers. No mention of Verre. Cost: 2/- each.
65.J306.72 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge and protuberances, probably crotal bells.
16.1A.4A
65.J306.73 Decorated brass cuff bracelet, including spirals, with central ridge.
16.1A.8A
65.J306.74 Decorated brass cuff bracelet, including semi-spirals, with central ridge.
16.3A.17A
65.J306.75 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge.
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16.2A.11A
Nancy Maas note with 16.6A.34A
65.J306.105
Nancy Maas note UCKLhttps://calisphere.org/item/ark:/13030/kt258004jz/
UCLA Fowler Museum http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt258004jz Box 11
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Maas' sketch suggests that the objects may have been photographed upside down.
65.J306.113
Nancy Maas note with 16.6A.35A
65.J306.210 a & b Two iron clapperless bells/handgongs (ndingawe, Bata). Acquired,15.11.1965, at Bolki, near Song. Inhabitants, Bata (principal group) and Yungur (migrated here over a decade previously). Informants unsure whether manufactured here or brought here when they migrated from Sokoto via Maiduguri and Bazza. Seen but not purchased: metal archery ring pullers, made here it was claimed. Formerly, iron ore sourced locally 'from rocks', but now scrap metal was purchased from Song. Also seen, brass ankle bells for dancing (tawai, Bata). Claimed to have been manufactured here, but no longer made. Also, a pair of brass bowls (pe damse, Bata) given to his daughter by a chief when she marries. She dances with them around her neck, held together by a string of red beads. Afterwards, she returns the bowl to her father for use when his next daughter marries. Restricted to a chief and his brothers. Such bowls are no longer made here, and informants were unsure as to their origin. They were aware of the Bachama killa clan of brasscasters but made no mention of Verre. Also saw brass armbands (ultu, Bata) identical to Bachama wulto (65.J306.72-5 above). Cost: a 3/- (smaller chamber damaged), b 5/-.
65.J306.210a Iron double clapperless bell/handgong; small chamber damaged. H 30, W 26; LIH 19.4, LWM 16, LED 6.6, LID 6.3; SIH 12, SWM 10.2, SED 5, SID 4.7.
16.7B.5 (contact print) 16.8A.1 (contact and enlargement) 16.8B.1
65.J306.210b Iron double clapperless bell/gong with more visible flange joint than the previous. H 28.7, W 19.5; LIH 18.4, LWM 11.2, LED 6.1, LID 5.8; SIH 10.4, SWM 9, SED 4.4, SID 4.1.
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16.7B.6 (contact print and enlargement) 16.8B.2
Nancy Maas note and 16.1B.0 (?)
65.J306.222 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge (bongo, Dingai & Mboi). Acquired 17.11.1965 at Handa, near Song. The inhabitants self-identified as Dingai, having come from the place of that name, due west of Gombi, past Ga'anda, during the time of the Modibbo at Yola, when Mboi people were already at Benti, and Bata at Bolki. Later, when Abba (1910-24) was Lamido at Yola, people from those two places migrated to Handa and the whole area was placed under the jurisdiction of the Dingai chief at Handa by Hammadiko, the Sarkin of Song. The Mboi at Benti said that they originally migrated there from the Mandara Hills, near Garoua, during the time of the Modibbo. It was said that the armlet had been made at Dingai. Cost: 10/-.
16.1A.3A
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65.J.323a/b Bata 'wedding bowls' with cowry rim decoration (pe damse; damse, 'brass', Bata). Acquired, 23.11.1965, at Song, from Haman of Tarawo quarter, who inherited them from his deceased father, who inherited from his father. Not sure where they were made, but he thought at Murke, from where he had moved four years ago because he had embraced Islam, and the people of Murke remained traditionalists. Both father and grandfather were Sarkin (Chiefs) of Murke, hence the privileged possession of these marriage bowls. According to Haman, the bride danced with the bowls 'to show that she was the daughter of a chief'. She would dance to the homes of all her close male relatives, holding out the bowls for any offerings. Her junior sisters would follow behind, emptying the bowls as they filled up (in theory). The bride also wore animal horns, in brass versions in the case of a chief's daughter. No mention of possible Verre connection in the production of these items. One of them seen had a diameter of 12.5cm. Both photographs via Nancy Maas. Cost: 10/- for the pair.
16.4A.21; file card Nancy Maas
16.2A.23; file card Nancy Maas; field photograph Chappel
65.J306.347 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge (bongo, Bata). Acquired, 28.11.1965, at Song; cost: 8/-.
16.1A.7A
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65.J306.348a&b Together with 347 also acquired, brass wedding horns (bome damse, Bata). They are worn only by a chief's daughter; commoners wore horns of reedbuck (padella [padala], Fulfulde). Cost: £1/6/-.
65.J306.350 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge (bongo, Bata). Acquired, 28.11.1965, at Murke, near Song. Bata inhabitants claimed migration, during time of the Modibbo, from Demsa Poa, to Malabu and then to the present village, the principal attraction of which was the amount of wild game available. This armlet, it was said, had been made at Malabu by 'special people' (kilai, blacksmith), but no one knew how to do the work any longer. The Sarkin of Murke said that he used to possess brass bowls and horns for his daughters' weddings, but they had been destroyed in a fire. However, he had been told that such objects could still be acquired at a place called Tambo. Cost: 5/-.
16.3A.15A
65.J306.351 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge. Cost: 4/6; other details as 350.
16.1A.5A
65.J306.373 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with edge decoration of central ridge (wang'tso, Bata?). Acquired, 29.11.1965, at Koribu. All there were Muslim converts who claimed migration from Sokoto, via Bazza and Furo (Ballala District), maintaining that they were already settled here when the Modibbo appeared on the scene. They had left Sokoto due to hunger/over-population. Said that this armlet, worn by women at marriage ceremonies, had been brought from Sokoto, along with a brass bell and wooden musical horn. Cost: 8/-.
16.3A.16A
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65.J306 443-5. Decorated brass cuff bracelets with central ridge (wulti, Bata). Acquired, 01.12.1965, at the Bata settlement of Jirai. They had come from Demsa Poa, via Dagra and Muleng, during the time of Lamido Lawal (1848-72), which was when the Bata and Bachama 'split'. All brass items in their possession were made in Demsa Poa by Bata blacksmiths (killan). Such objects were no longer produced; there were no local blacksmiths. No mention in this context of the Verre.
65.J306.443 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge. Cost 5/-.
16.2A.13A
65.J306.444 Decorated brass cuff bracelet, including semi-spirals, with central ridge. Cost 4/-.
16.2A.12A
65.J306.445 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with central ridge. Cost 5/-.
16.2A.10A
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65.J306.446 Iron double clapperless bell/handgong. Acquired, 1.12.1965. Notebook 65, 3: 3, from Jirai, Bata settlement: 'Double gong from Demsa [Demsa Poa/Old Demsa, north of Garoua], kongo (Bata). Played when old man or woman dies'. Notebook 65, 3: 2 432-5 selemon (Bata), brass ear and lip plugs, also from Jirai: 'All brass made at [Old] Demsa. Nobody can make it again now. Made by Killan(s), blacksmith. No blacksmiths now.' Played during funerals of elderly men and women. Said to have been brought with them when they migrated from Demsa Poa, where it was made. H 28, W 17; LID 15.3, LWM 5.8, LED 5.8, LID 5.4; SIH 14.3, SWM 6.5, SED 5.9, SID 5.5. Cost: 5/-.
16.7B.8 16.7B.9 contact prints
65.J306.447-9 'Kungudangi (Bata). All brass work at Demsa (?) no longer done'.
Note by Nancy Maas with 16.6A.37A
65.J306.493 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with cross-hatched, triangular panels (bongo, Bata). Acquired, 03.12.65, at Song, Bata. Other information as 347. Cost: 6/-.
16.2A.14A
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65.J306.494 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with semi-spirals within bands (bongo, Bata). Acquired, 03.12.65, at Song, Bata. Other information as 347. Cost: 6/-.
16.3A.20A
65.J306.603 Brass bell (tengo, Bata) including two other items, 604 (ankle bells) and 605 (rattle). Acquired, 29.12,1965, at Magdari, Bata settlement of mixed Muslims and Christians (two preachers had come from Kilba five years earlier). They came from Sham (location not known) via Mule to Magdari before the time of the Modibbo. Converted to Islam during the time of Lamido Maigari (Muhammadu Bello 1924-8). Not known where this and other brass items were made. No local blacksmiths. Cost: 5/- (three items).
16.2A.9A
65.J306.610-1 According to Chappel's field notebook (65.3), 610 should be a pair of brass wedding dance horns (pe damse, Bata) from the Bata settlement of Farang. Acquired, 29.12.1965. Cost: 4/-. 611 should be a brass buckle for a horse (fauna duwa, Bata, 'thing for horse'). Acquired, 29.12.1965 at Farang. The accession numbers of the following two items (noted on their illustrations) are therefore likely to be erroneous. Cost: 4/-.
65.J306.610 Decorated brass cuff bracelet with spirals.
16.1A.6A
65.J306.611 Decorated brass bracelet cuff with spirals.
16.3A.18A
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66.J11.20-23
Notes by Nancy Maas with 16.6A.36A
66.J11.74
Note by Nancy Maas with 16.5A.31A
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66.J11.98 Women's smoking pipe, kulang (s), kulangi (pl). Acquired (with 99-111) from Tuki, 17.02.1966. Pipe bowls in clay, kula (s), kulangi (pl), said to have been made by women at Salassah in the hills; wooden stem, go (s), go'or (pl), carved by local man; iron stem, tɛwes (s), tɛwengbe (pl), from local blacksmith; generic term for decoration, veet. Asked why the use of this type of pipe was confined to women, it was said that women chose the best-looking and largest pipes because they also fulfilled an aesthetic function as an attractive personal adornment when not actually being smoked. For men, on the other hand, a pipe's appearance was said to be immaterial, as it had only the one function - to be smoked. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.99 Iron sickle, gamsus (s), gamsi (pl), made by local blacksmith at Tuki. Cost: 1/6.
16.4.30A
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66.J11.100 Wooden stool, tings (s), tinge (pl). Carved by men exclusively for use by women. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11 101 Brass ceremonial circumcision crook [loosely a skeuomorph of an iron sickle] (see 66.J11.99 above), tambus (s), tambi (pl). Owned by senior men (dɔnda). Held with both hands by initiates (cf. Arriens sketch), with the curved end around the neck, during male initiation rites, particularly circumcision (Gangni), the purpose being to prevent any defensive movement on the part of the initiate which would indicate fear. Noted on 66.J11.514. Cost: £1.
66.J11.102 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktunu (s), tula suktunu (pl). A rich farmer will own many of these brass hoes, displaying them as a sign of wealth and prestige during his son's initiation. (Note: the photographs of the Verre artefacts displayed in the Jos Museum in 1967 features examples of these hoes). See Maas note with 572. Cost: £1.
66.J11.103 & 104 Two women's hip pendants in the form of oversized brass beads, wɛla (s), wɛlit (pl), from Tuki. These may be given by a man to a woman as an indication that he wishes to marry her. It was also said that if a husband gave such a gift to his wife after marriage this was a sign that there was 'no peace between them'. Cross-referenced on reverse of field photos of two Verre women. Cost: 15/- and 10/-.
16.6B.32 104
66.J11.105 Brass prestige smoking pipe, kulang suktunu (s), kulangi suktunu (pl). Exclusively for the use of priest-chief/senior men, smoked only by its owner rather than being passed around. Suktunu was glossed as 'melted'. Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.106 Hip pendant in the form of an oversized women's brass bead. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.5B.29
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Nancy Maas note on 106 & 108
On display - cannot be identified with an accession number
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66.J11.107 Women's brass ring, wal (s), wani (pl). Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.108 Women's brass waistband of threaded beads, mulɛ (s), mulɛi (pl), from Tuki, where it was claimed brass objects were no longer produced because the cire perdue techniques involved had not been passed on, except for the fact that the wax used had been honey wax, dis wasi (wax [of] bees), with the honey itself incorporated, i.e. not extracted, unlike the wax used on the centre of drum skins. The same drum wax, with the honey extracted, was also used to oil bodies, mixed with oil from the mahogany tree (ke, Verre; karewal, Fulfulde; madachi, Hausa). Blacksmiths (Tibaai) in this area, it was said, would only now operate, if at all, on a commission basis. It was 'suspected' that Kombowal of Lugerodele, 12 miles distant on foot, was still operating as a brass caster. Cost: 1/6.
66.J11.109 Beer strainer. Cost: 1/6.
16.2C.25
66.J11.110 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl), of a decorated type confined to the smiths (Tibaai). Bought in Tuki, possibly earlier from Wom. H 18.6, W 9.6. Unusually, the clapper is formed of a single piece of iron. Cost £2.
16.3C.16 16.7C.10
Nancy Maas note
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66.J11.111 Brass beer jar, yerk suktunkak (s), yerm suktumam (pl).Used by the most senior of the Tibaai, dɔnda gbijaas, as a beer jar during the ceremony of Baaka Do'os, when a man of the sari age grade joins the senior age grade ( dɔnda) and may henceforth wear a goatskin on his back. The initiate offers fine beer to the chief priest of Do'os in a borrowed yerk. Most have a brass stand (see 66.J11.538) and are one of three ceremonial items stored in the Do'os shrine. No measurements, but price similar to 538 estimated to be H 27, D 17. Cost £4.
16.3B.13 UCLA Rubin archive
Nancy Maas note
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66.J11.112 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Yola market, 18.02.1966. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.113-15 Two women's bracelets, wule (s), wulce (pl) (Bata), from the Bata (Bwatiye) settlement of Nzoboliyo on 19.02.1966. Commissioned from Verre blacksmith/s. Cost: 5/- each.
66.J11.116 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Bata. Nzoboliyo, 19.02.1966. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.117-38 pyro-engraved gourd bowls and spoons: settled Fulani. Acquired at Njoboli, 19.02.1966.
66.J11.117 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.118-20 Pyro-engraved gourd spoons. Cost: 1/6 each.
66.J11.121 Pyro-engraved gourd spoons. Cost: 1/-.
66.J11.122 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.123-30 Pyro-engraved gourd spoons. Cost: 1/6- each.
66.J11.131-6 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls. Cost: 131 3/-; 132 2/6; 133 4/6; 134 5/-; 135 5/-; 136 5/-.
66.J11.137 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl, with painted interior. Cost: 3/6.
66.J11.138 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.139 Coiled basketry mat: Settled Fulani. Sebɔre, 19.02.1966. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.140-3 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls and spoons: Settled Fulani. Nbamba, 19.02.1966
66.J11.140 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl. Said to have been engraved at Gombi. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.141-2 Pyro-engraved gourd spoons, engraved locally. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.143 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl. Cost: 4/6.
66.J11.144-51 Items acquired at Gengle, nr. Mayo Belwa, 21.02.1966.
66.J11.144-5 Women's smoking pipes. Cost: 144 1/-; 145 2/-.
66.J11.146-7 Men's smoking pipes. Cost: 146 3d; 147 3d.
66.J11.148 Iron bow-string puller. Cost: 1/3.
66.J11.149 Hat/helmet with horns (inse (s), Gengle). Hat worn by initiates before circumcision (sosi (s), Gengle), which takes place every 3 or 4 years. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.150 Brass ankle bells (jagolong, (s) Gengle). Bells bought from Bata. Worn by women at ceremonies such as marriage and when going to market. Cost: 14/-.
66.J11.151 Iron dance wand (kiten, (s) Gengle), in the shape of an axe, carried by women when dancing at ceremonies such as weddings and funerals. Allegedly made by local blacksmith (wesari (s) Gengle). Ore (tama (s), Hausa) collected from sediment after river has flooded its banks. [Note: Clay pots not made here: bought from Koma.] Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.152-7 Items acquired from Kororo, close to Cukkol, 1½ miles from Wuro Yiya, 10 miles from Mayo Belwa, 22.02.1966.
66.J11.152-4 Archer's iron wrist grip: Mumbake/Kusheki. Both Mumbake of Cukkol and Kureshi of Koroko claim Koma origins, having migrated to present site, though not together, during the time of Lamido Sanda (1872-90), when the Ardo at Mayo Belwa was Delli. Most iron objects still acquired from Koma, though these wrist grips allegedly made here by local blacksmith (lama, (s) Mumbake; sa, (s) Kureshi). Cost: 152 3/-; 153 6/-; 154 6/-.
66.J11.155 Clay smoking pipe: Nyamdang (Mumuye). Pipes (tabune, (s) Mumbake; tabu, (s) Kureshi) acquired from Mumuye; pots from Koma. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.156-7 Pyro-engraved gourd spoons. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.158-9 Two brass bead waistbands (mulɛ (s)) collected from Jerang on 23.02.1966. Cost: £1 each.
16.1B.4, probably 158
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66.J11.160 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Yungur (female). Dumne, 02.02.1966. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.161 Engraving tool for 160: Dumne, 02.02.1966. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.162 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl (male, Lawan). Dumne, 03.04.1966. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.163 Engraving tool for above: Dumne, 03.04.1966. Cost: 3/-.
Chappel's field notebook records (66,1: inside back cover) that items 164-190 comprise 'Cholli brass' (dated 05.03.1966). Items 164-6 are confirmed by the photographic record, but information for items 164-173 is lacking, probably because they were acquired by Cholli intermediaries as a 'job lot' during one of his absences. We do not know where they may have sourced them. They are likely to have been made up of relatively common items such as hip pendants, waistbands, etc.
66.J11.164 Hip pendant in the form of an oversized women's brass bead, wɛla (s), wɛlit (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 05.03.1966 (cf. 103-4,106 above). Given by husband to wife before or after marriage.
16.5B.31
66.J11.165 Hip pendant in the form of an oversized women's brass bead. Acquired at Tuki, 05.03.1966.
16.6B.37
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66.J11.166 Hip pendant in the form of an oversized women's brass bead, wɛla (s) wɛlit (pl). Acquired at Tuki, 05.03.1966. Given by husband to wife before or after marriage.
16.6B.36
66.J11.167-72 No information.
66.J11.173 Brass bead waistband. No information. Photograph only.
66.J11.174 Woven ceremonial helmet, bal (s), bari (pl), from Cholli. During the pre-circumcision initiation rites, boys dance wearing this while carrying a crook. Cost: 15/-.
Note by Nancy Maas
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66.J11.175 Iron sickle gamsus (s), gamsi (pl), from Cholli (see 66.J11.99 above). Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.176 Brass circumcision crook, tambus (s), tambi (pl), from Cholli, 32cm (see 66.J11.101 above). Cost: £1.
Sketch by Nancy Maas
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66.J11.177-8 Two iron rings, maas kulang (s), maas kulangi (pl), specifically used as decorative adornments for women's smoking pipes, from Cholli. Cost: 177 3/-; 178 4/- ('with knob').
66.J11.179-85 Seven women's brass bracelets, wan (s), wani (pl), from Cholli. Cost: 8s in total.
66.J11.186 Brass and iron ceremonial smoking pipe, kulang suktunu (s), kulangi suktunu (pl), from Cholli (see 105 above). Cost: £1/15/-.
66.J11.187 Women's smoking pipe, kulang (s), kulangi (pl), from Cholli. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.188 Women's hip pendant in the form of an oversized brass bead, wɛla (s), wɛlit (pl), from Cholli (see 103-4). Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.189 Brass ankle bells for children, sa'sol (s), sa'sai (pl), from Cholli. Said to encourage walking. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.190 Iron ring for woman's smoking pipe, maas kulang (s), maas kulangi (pl), from Cholli. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.191-210 Items acquired at Ribadu, 04.03.1966.
66.J11.191 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Jafun). Vendor: Tukur of Ribadu, acquired it from owner and engraver, a Jafun woman. Cost: £1.
66.J11.192-3 Two pressure-engraved gourd bowls: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Gourds bought at Wuro Bokki for 10/- each, bisected by Daneeji woman and engraved by Wodaabe woman, Dija, for 10/- each at Wuro Mouo (not entirely legible name, 1 mile from Pariya). Cost: 192 £1; 193 £1.
66.J11.194 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Engraved by Wodaabe woman at Kabana, nr. Numan. Cost: £1.
66.J11.195 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Engraved by Wodaabe woman at Japbi Lamba, on the Song road, past Girei. Cost: £1.
66.J11.196 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl (partially damaged): Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Engraved by Dija, see also 192-3 above. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.197 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl. Engraved by owner and vendor, who resides at Ribadu during the dry season. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.198 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl. Engraved by Wodaabe woman at Little Gombi. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.199-204 Coiled basketry mats: Settled Fulani (mbedu (s), Fulfulde). Total cost: £1/15/- five items.
66.J11.205 Wooden floor beater. Cost: 1/-.
66.J11.206 Axe. Locally manufactured. Cost: 1/-.
66.J11.207-8 Pyro-engraved and carved gourd bowls: Hausa (fare (s), Hausa). Engraved and carved by Hausa woman at Dasin Fulbe. Cost: 207 (damaged - hole) 5/-; 208 8/-.
66.J11.209-10 Pyro-engraved, with interior painted design: Settled Fulani. Engraved and painted by woman at Wafango, nr. Fufore. Cost: 209 5/-; 210 5/-.
66.J11.211-24 Bulk purchase, including 212, 218, 220 acquired at Cholli, between 06.03.1966 and 10.03.1966, in circumstances similar to 164-90 above.
66.J11.212 Hip pendant in the form of an oversized bead as cited by Maas, see 66.J11.174 above. No Chappel record.
66.J11.218 Boy's ceremonial helmet (raffia, leather and cowries), bal (s). No Chappel record.
16.4B.24
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66.J11.220 Brass safiru, pat jangbi (s), pat jangbis (pl). Openwork with crotal bells. Other than this piece, Chappel's fieldnotes record items 211-224 only as 'Cholli brass'. The Verre term for 220 was elicited later in December 1966 during the 'final check' of brass objects, probably because it has stylistic features atypical of Verre works, which almost certainly accounts for Chappel having photographed it.
16.8A.31 16.8A.32 Rubin 1973, Plate XI (note inverted compared to contact prints)
Nancy Maas sketch and note - worn on upper arm by village head
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This object, unique in the illustrated Verre corpus, is, as Maas notes, similar to an example Rubin found from Wukari; the intricacy is also reminiscent of some Tiv brasswork. On stylistic grounds, and in the absence of other evidence, the possibility of this piece not being of Verre manufacture cannot be discounted.
66.J11.221-4 No information, as indicated above, 211-24.
66.J11.225-6 Items acquired at Bengo, 08.03.1966.
66.J11.225-6 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Bata. Engraved by Fanta. Cost: 225 4/-; 226 5/-.
66.J11.227-8 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Bata. Engraved by Mahirnungatun: taught by grandmother. Cost: 227 9/-; 228 3/-.
66.J11.229 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls, with painted interior. Commissioned from Fulani woman at Pariya; Bata do not employ this painting technique. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.230-1 Brass bracelets: Bata. Not known where made. Cost: 230 5/-; 231 5/-.
66.J11.232 Brass pendant. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.233-7 Items acquired at Bagale, 08.03.1966.
66.J11.233 Pyro-engraved bottle gourd; Bata (huboche (s). Bata). Engraved here. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.234 Pyro-engraved bottle gourd (large); Bata (huboche (s), Bata). Engraved by Lucia of Bagale. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.235-6 Brass bracelets: Bata. Cost: 235 larger 5/-; 236 smaller 3/-.
66.J11.237 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl; Bata. Similar in style to Settled Fulani. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.238 Pyro-engraved and carved gourd bowl: Bata. Ngarawo, 08.03.1966. Carving technique learnt from Hausa. Cost: 4/-.
66.J.11.239-256 recorded in Chappel's field notebook (66.1: 103) as 'Cholli brass', acquired on 11.03.1966 in circumstances similar to 211-24 and 164-90 above. The individual notes on 247-50 and 252-56 were made during the 'final check' in December 1966. No measurements (other than for 254) or costs recorded.
66.J11.247 Small brass bell/s for use by non-blacksmiths, Gazabi. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Reportedly from Kopsofa, nr. Bayi.
16.3C.16A
66.J11.248 Small brass bell. From Cholli. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat).
16.2C.12A
66.J11.249 Miniature brass version of circumcision head piece, tɔngta suktunu (s), tɔngtai suktini (pl). Reportedly from Womzangi, nr. Salassah Yadim. The Gazabi equivalent of the head piece worn by Tibaai initiates, bal suktundal (s) (see 427 below for an example).
Nancy Maas note
66.J11.250 Unidentified item. Reportedly from Wom.
66.J11.252 Larger brass bell.
16.2C.8
66.J11.253 Brass bell, with external (makeshift) clapper.
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16.5C.29
66.J11.254 Brass female figure bought at Cholli, acquired 11.03.1966. Original provenance unknown. Measurements: overall height 30.9cm; height to waistband (lower edge) 11.9cm; height from waistband to shoulder 11.5cm; outer finger to outer finger 18.5cm.
16.5C.28A
16.8A.14 16.8A.14 16.8B.15 16.8B.15
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66.J11.255 Brass bell. Acquired on 11.03.1966.
16.5C.30 UCLA Rubin Archive, centre
66.J11.256 Brass ceremonial helmet. Acquired on 11.03.1966. See also 427 below.
16.4B.25 (NB this photographic negative reference number duplicated elsewhere)
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66.J11.257 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Acquired at Fufore, 13.03.1966. No price recorded.
66.J11.258 Engraving tool for above: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Acquired at Fufore, 13.03.1966. No price recorded.
66.J11.259-65 Items all acquired at Geren, 16.03.1966.
66.J11.259-60 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Settled Fulani. Engraved by Myamban. Cost: 259 2/-; 260 3/-.
66.J11.261 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Engraved by Mary. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.262-4 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Settled Fulani. Engraved by Kpapadi. Cost: 262 2/-; 263 3/-; 264 4/-.
66.J11.265 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Engraved by Hidima. Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.266 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Girei market, 19.03.1966. Owner and vendor, a Bachama woman. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.267-72 Six smoking pipes: Bachama (267-8 for men; 269-72 for women). Numan, 25.03.1966. Cost: 267 2/-; 268 2/-; 269 1/9; 270 2/6; 271 2/6; 272 5/-; 273 3/6.
66.J11.273-77 Items acquired at Cholli, 25.03.1966.
66.J11.273 Ceremonial brass spear with wooden shaft, tɔɔma suktunu (s), tɔɔma suktini (pl). Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.274 Brass circumcision crook, tambus (s), tambi (pl). Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.275 Iron ring for women's tobacco pipe. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.276-7 Two women's brass bead waistbands. Cost: 8/- and 4/-.
66.J11.276, 16.2B.12
66.J11.278 Fixed-key xylophone: Bachama. Acquired at Geren, 25.03.1966. Commissioned from Raimon Tavenɔkɔ. Cost: £2.
Chappel was posted back to Jos Museum for almost three months at this point. Items 279-330 were collected in his absence and purchased in batches on his return; the names of vendors are recorded from this point, but not where they acquired the object (which is noted from 394 onwards when known).
66.J11.279-82 Items acquired at Cholli, 20.06.1966. Vendor: Ali Tukur.
66.J11.279 Women's brass bead waistband. Cost: 10/- together with 280-2.
66.J11.280-2 Three rings for women's smoking pipe.
66.J11.283-9 Items acquired at Cholli, 20.06.1966 . Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.283 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Cost: £3/7/- together with 284-290.
66.J11.284-5 Two rings for women's smoking pipe.
66.J11.286-7 Two women's brass bead waistbands.
Photograph 16.1B.3 via Nancy Maas
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66.J11.288-9 Two women's brass ankle bells.
66.J11.290 Brass ceremonial circumcision crook. Acquired at Cholli, 20.06.1966. Vendor: Jida Cholli.
66.J11.291-302 Acquired at Cholli, 20.06.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.291-7 Seven women's hip pendant, oversized brass beads, from Cholli (vendor: Ayuba, 20.06.1966). Cost: £3/7/- together with 298-302.
66.J11.298-302 Five women's brass bead waistbands.
66.J11.298,16.2B.8 66.J11.299,16.3B.16 66.J11.300,162B.10
66.J11.301 ,16.1B.7 66.J11.302,16.3B.16
66.J11.303 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Kablai. Girei, 29.06.1966. Engraved by Dudu, Hausa-speaking Kablai immigrant (refugee?) from Fort Lamy area of Republic of Chad. Now residing in Lainde, nr. Girei. (see also, 470). Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.304-6 Items acquired at Cholli, 01.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu.
66.J11.304 Brass short sword/dagger. Cost: £3.
66.J11.305 Brass ceremonial hoe (with square end). Cost: £3.
66.J11.306 Iron hoe, from Cholli. Cost: £2.
66.J11. 307-321 Items acquired at Cholli, 01.07.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11. 307-319 Thirteen rings for women's smoking pipes. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.320 Women's brass bead waistband, from Cholli. Cost: 15/-.
16.1B.5
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66.J11.321 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.322-6 Five musical pipes. Acquired at Cholli, 01.07.1966. Vendor: Ali Tukur. Cost £1/5/- including 327 (a Fulani hat). See also 333 below.
66.J11.328-30 Three domestic pots, purchased in Yola market. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.331-44 Items acquired at Cholli, 03.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli.
66.J11.331-2 Two women's brass bead waistbands. Cost: 331 4/-; 332 5/-.
16.3B.17 331
66.J11.333 Musical pipe, gul (s), gura (pl). Used during ceremonies for Do'os. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.334 Iron bell/rattle, bell dengkonkas (s), dengkonki (pl), and rattles doi'yaaks (s), doi'yaagi (pl). Held by men only during ceremonies for Do'os. It was claimed that if a woman even set eyes on one, she would die. Iron bell 'incorporated' into iron rattle. H (including handle) 22.6; W 12; IH 12.1; WM 8.2; ED 7.5; ID 7.0. No photograph but see 385-6. Cost: £1/12/-.
66.J11.335 Hourglass drum, danga gbwikak (s), dangat gbwikak (pl). Gbwikak means 'larger', referring to its deeper pitch, not size. Cost: 12/6.
16.4B.23
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66.J11.336 Hourglass drum, danga wakak (s), dangat wakak (pl). Wakak means 'smaller', referring to its higher pitch. Both 335 & 336 were played with hands during dancing in connection with boys' initiation rites. Both were made in Cholli from a special hard wood, keu (s), ken (pl), and goatskins. Cost: 12/6.
16.4B.22
66.J11.337 Brass medicine charm, gul suktundal (s), gulal suktundal (pl). Worn at the neck by children to ward off sickness. Cost: 10/- together with 338-42.
66.J11.338-40 Three ear plugs, nɛ'tɔk (s), nɛ'tet(pl).
66.J11.341-2 Miniature women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead (wɛla (s)) worn by young, even baby, girls.
985.7.26434 This photograph, source unknown, is numbered in a system we have been unable to identity and is placed here for want of better information. The apparently small beads suggest this might be a child's version of the adult woman's waistband, though scale is guesswork. The pendant bead has two rows of decoration.
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66.J11.343 Women's hip pendant in the form of an oversized cowrie cluster bead, wɛla cheede (s), wɛlit cheedei (pl). Cheede means 'cowrie'. (Fulfulde, ceede, money/price.) Cost: 8/-.
16.4C.21A
66.J11.344 (& 359) Brass smoking pipe for women, kulang suktunu (s), kulangi suktini (pl). Gifted to his wife as a sign of approval by husband, and to demonstrate his wealth. Smoked at the funeral ceremonies of the elderly (men and women). Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.345-47 Items acquired at Cholli, 03.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli.
66.J11.345 Women's brass necklace/waistband of strung beads, fɛ (s), fer (pl). (Notebook 66.7: 6 comments: 'See brass figures wearing fe/fer'. Both waistbands and necklaces are depicted on these figures. The vendor clearly identified this as a necklace rather than a waistband, though it may also have been the latter. Cost: 5/-.
16.2B.13
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66.J11.346 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.347 Brass decorative ring for women's smoking pipe, maas suktunjas (s), maai suktini (pl). The stem ring was designated as, maas kula (s), maai kula (pl), additional rings as deesire (s), deesirei (pl). Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.348-55 Items acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.348 Women's smoking pipe, kulang (s), kulangi (pl). Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.349-50 Two women's hip pendant, oversized brass beads. Cost: 8/- and 5/-.
66.J11.351 Ring (mouthpiece) for women's smoking pipe. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.352 Brass circumcision crook. Subsequently noted as for Gazabi. Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.353 Brass earplug, nɛ'tɔk (s), nɛ'tet (pl). Cost: 1/-
66.J11.354-5 Two child's brass ankle bells, sa'sol (s), sa'sai (pl), to encourage walking. Cost: 6/- each.
66.J11.356 Women's brass bead waistband. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.357 Women's smoking pipe with brass ring decoration. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.358 Musical pipe. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.359 Women's brass smoking pipe. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Cost: £1.
From Nancy Maas's note: 'Smoking pipe with brass bowl; extended neck. Bowl in shape of V with 2 "legs" at base. Phallus extending from between "legs", which are decorated with lozenges and incisions vertical lines of spirals - below bowl …. 1½ inches.' See also 396
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66.J11.360 Brass short sword/dagger [or handle thereof?], do'gur suktunu (s), do'gis suktunu (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Original scabbard missing; replaced by Fulani-made leather version. Cost: £1.
UCLA Rubin Archive, probable identification
66.J11.361-6 Items acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.361-2 Two women's hip pendant, oversized brass beads Cost: 8/- each.
66.J11.363-66 Four rings for women's smoking pipes. Cost: 1/- each.
66.J11.367 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.368-9 Two women's brass bead waistbands. Acquired at Cholli, 08.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Cost: 8/- and 12/-.
66.J11.368, 16.3B.15 66.J11.369, 16.1B.2
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66.J11.370-1 Two pressure-engraved gourd bowls: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Acquired at Girei, 09.07.1966. Engraved by vendor: Kilba, a Wodaabe woman from Jiberu. Taught by her mother. Cost: 370 15/-; 371 10/-.
66.J11.372 Coiled basketry mat/cover: Settled Fulani (mbedu (s), bedi (pl), Fulfulde). Acquired at Girei, 09.07.1966. Vendor: Mallam Shuwaibu, whose wife made the mat. Decoration, toɓɓe. This term relates to mat decoration only: decoration for gourds, pefdi. Design as a whole, ɔdɔgi, meaning, 'flight', referring to the flight of Lamido Zubeiru in 1901. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.373 As above. Design as a whole, ɗappuwal, referring to the abrupt take-off for flight of the nightjar. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.374-5 Two pyro-engraved bottle gourds: Kablai. Acquired at Girei, 09.07.1966. Engraved by Zenabu, friend of Dudu (see 303 above), with similar background. Resident in the hamlet of Dakri, nr. Jimeta. Cost: 5/- each.
66.J11.376 Engraving tool for above. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.377 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Acquired at Cholli, 11.07.1966. Vendor: Akila. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.378-381 Four women's hip pendant, oversized brass beads. Acquired at Cholli, 11.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: £1 for all four.
66.J11.382-86 Items acquired at Cholli, 11.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli.
66.J11.382 Pipe (price paid and absence of reference to 'smoking' in notebook indicate a musical pipe). Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.383-4 Two women's hip pendant, oversized brass beads. Cost: 7/- each.
66.J11.385 Iron rattle incorporating bell. H 19.3; W 11.4; IH 11.4: WM 9.5; ED 6.2; ID 5.8. Cost: £2/5/-
16.7B.14
66.J11.386 Iron rattle incorporating bell. Similar to 385. H 18.2; W 11.1; IH 11.0: WM 8.2; ED 5.8; ID 5.4. Cost: £3/5/-.
16.6C.31A
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66.J11.387-93 Items acquired at Cholli, 12.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.387-90 Four iron leg rattles, bogarus (s), bogari (pl). Cost: 6/- 387-9; 1/6 390.
66.J11.391-2 Two smoking pipes. Cost: 12/- each.
66.J11.393 Musical pipe. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.394-96 Items acquired at Cholli, 13.07.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.394 Short sword/dagger. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Womwalde, nr. Yadim. Cost: £3/5/-.
66.J11.395 Smoking pipe with brass ornamentation. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Marach [Marasio], nr. Kura. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.396 Brass ceremonial smoking pipe, maas kula suktunus (s), mai kula suktunus (pl). The knob on the pipe was designated as dal (s), dari (pl), meaning penis, and was said to be there 'just for decoration'. The decorative knob on the brass ring was designated as deesire (s), deesirei (pl), glossed as 'something to be proud of' and applied only to this type of ornament. A general term for all types of 'decoration' was given as gɔka sɔk (s), eregɔruk sɔkɔ (pl). See also 359. Cost: £1/8/-.
66.J11.397 Iron ritual rattle composed of ten clappers and a bell on a closed ring, doi'yaaks (s), doi'yaagi (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 15.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Said to be for use during ceremonies for Do'os: sometimes designated simply as 'Do'os'. H 24.4; W including clappers 18.5; IH 16.9; WM 15.1; ED 10.2; ID 9.85. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.7B.12 contact 16.7B.13 contact 16.6C.32A
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66.J11.398-99 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Kablai. Lainde, 1 mile from Girei, 16.07.1966. Engraved by Dudu (see 303 above). Cost: 4/- each.
66.J11.400 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Kabali. Lainde,16.07.1966. Engraved by Zenabu (see 374-5 above). Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.401-4 Items acquired at Cholli, 16.07.1966. Vendor: Majoda.
66.J11.401 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.402-4 Three ornamental rings. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.405 Ceremonial brass circumcision crook, tambus seeri (s), tambi seeri (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Seeris means locust, a reference to the type of decoration. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Gurumpa, in the hills above Cholli. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.406-8 Items acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Ezzara.
66.J11.406 Women's hip pendant, oversized brass bead. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.407 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bai, nr. Karlahi, c.25 miles from Cholli. Cost: £1/15/-.
16.1C.4 via Nancy Maas
66.J11.408 Ceremonial brass circumcision crook. Cost: 14/-.
66.J11.409-11 Items acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Ibrahim.
66.J11.409 A large and chunky brass pot ring, kal suktundal (s), kara suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi, in hills c.40 miles from Cholli. Owned only by men and used during ceremonies for Do'os. Brought to Do'os shrine where offering of beer placed on it (see 438 below). It was claimed that these were amongst the most expensive of brass items (originally £10). Diameter 19.4. Cost: £4.
16.8B.11 with 43816.7C.30 with 576
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Nancy Maas - note
66.J11.410 Brass ceremonial musical pipe, gul suktunu (s), gura suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi, in hills c.40 miles from Cholli. Played during ceremonies for Do'os. It was claimed that such brass pipes were the prototypes of wooden pipes, rather than the other way around. Wooden pipes were now the norm as brass pipes were no longer being produced. Cost: £2.
66.J11.411 Ceremonial knife, wɛ'ga'ga (s), wɛ'maga (pl), used during ceremonies for Do'os. See also 710. Not explicitly described as brass or iron. Cost: 13/-.
66.J11.412 Women's hip pendant, in the form of a cowrie cluster oversized bead, wɛla cheede (s), wɛlit cheedei (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Cost: 8/-.
16.4C.20A
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66.J11.413 Smoking pipe, kula gbijaas (s), kulani gbijiy] (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Reportedly acquired at Jili. The iron portion, maas gbijaas was said to have been made in Cholli. Metal upper stem/mouthpiece, dɛwes; wooden lower stem, gɔ ; bowl, kulang; stand, dɔ'mut. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.414 Smoking pipe with iron elements. Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Ezzara, 18.07.1966. Reportedly acquired at Tuki. Similar to 413. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.415 Brass smoking pipe. Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli, 18.07.1966. Cost: £1.
66.J11.416 Brass smoking pipe. Acquired at Cholli, 18.07.1966. Vendor: Akila, 18.07.1966. Cost: £1.
66.J11.417 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Yungur. Acquired at Dirma, 21.07.1966. Engraved by owner and vendor, from Pirrambe. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.418 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Burra. Acquired at Kubɔ, nr. Shellen, 21.07.1966. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.419 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Yama (Tambo). Acquired at Shellen, 21.07.1966. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.420 Most probably a brass pot ring skeuomorph of a headloading pad, wand suktunu (s), wand suktundal (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Notebook (66.3: 68) records, 'worn by women - also used during Do'os ceremonies to carry pot/drinking vessel on head'. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.421 Brass hoe, tul suktundal (s), tula suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Nenki, nr. Lainde. See Maas note to 562. Cost: £1/4/-.
66.J11.422 Brass smoking pipe. Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli, 25.07.1966. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Jili, nr. Tuki. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.423-27 Items acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.423-4 Two brass smoking pipes. 424 reportedly acquired by vendor at Rumde. Cost: £1 and 14/-.
66.J11.425-6 Two initiation helmets, bal (s), bari (pl). Worn by initiates in the rites preceding circumcision, including beating. Leather and raffia with cowry shell decorations, horsehair 'tail'. Cost: 5/- each. (Uncertain which photograph is which, assume that negatives are in accession order.)
16.4B.22 425/6 16.4B.23 426/5
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UCLA Rubin archive, left
66.J11.427 Brass version of initiation helmet (see 425-6 above), bal suktundal (s), bari suktini (pl). It was said the top decoration was normally a cockerel's tail feathers. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.5B.28
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66.J11.428 Iron pot stand, tɔɔma gbaas (s), tɔɔma gba (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. For use in Do'os ceremonies. Also designated as tɔɔma ga'ga, the latter referring to the ubiquitous Verre 'spiral' decorative motif. [The 5 supporting arms, assuming this is the correct photograph, are in the form of hoe blades. The description would apply better to 443 which has coiled iron ornaments.] Cost: £2/5/-.
16.5B.26
66.J11.429-32 Items acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Ezzara.
66.J11.429 Ceremonial brass hoe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Cost: £1/4/-.
66.J11.430 Women's brass bracelet, pɔngan (s), pɔngani (pl). Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.431 Brass bell (small), kerumd (s), kerumi (pl). Small size identifies it as being for use exclusively by Gazabi. No measurements. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Cost: 5/-.
16.2C.11A
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66.J11.432 Brass charm, saferu (s), safegi (pl). [ Safiiru, small brass bar containing 'juju' powder of kauda, the act or ability to stab oneself without harm, F.W. Taylor 1932 A Fulani-English Dictionary.] Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.433 Brass initiation helmet. Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Cost: £1/4/-.
16.5B.26 UCLA Rubin archive, right
66.J11.434 Ceremonial brass hoe. Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Vengni. Cost: £1/4/-.
66.J11.435-7 Items acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo.
66.J11.435-6 Two ceremonial brass hoes. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Vengni. Cost: £1/4/- each.
66.J11.437 Ceremonial brass circumcision crook. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.438 Brass bowl, kur suktunkak (s), kurt suktunati (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 25.07.1966. Vendor: Bitrus Cholli. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Boki. Gourd-shaped drinking bowl used for beer during Do'os ceremonies, held in the supporting 'arms' of an iron pot stand. After the ceremony, placed on a brass pot ring while the senior men (dɔndai) drink from it. Height 10.9, Diameter 20.0. Cost: £3.
contact print on ring 409
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66.J11.439-40 Coiled basketry mats/covers: Settled Fulani. Acquired at Yola, 19.07.1966. Made by owner and vendor, Dada Bornu. 439 Design: peerki poola, Fulfulde, ? dove/pigeon. Cost; 6/-. 440 Design: tinde wandu, Fulfulde, forehead of monkey. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.441 Brass short sword/dagger, wɛk suktundal (s), wɛm suktunmam (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tomsoo, nr. Benglengfa. Cost: £3.
66.J11.442 Brass double clapperless bell/gong, dengkonkas suktunjas (s), dengkonki suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bundera, nr. Bayi. H 21.9; W 27.4; LIH 14.0; LWM 13.8; LED 10.3; LID 9.4; SIH 9.7; SWM 11.4; SED 8.2; SID 7.4. A contact print taken by Chappel shows the two chambers separated; another photograph by the Jos Museum photographer may be of the same piece assembled. Note the hollow handle of the large chamber: the smaller handle has been plugged near the end, and a brass socket pin created - cast as one piece with the rest of the chamber. Cost: £4/13/-.
16.2B.10 (same piece assembled?) 16.7B.1
66.J11.443 Iron pot stand, tɔɔma gbaas (s), tɔɔma gba (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Here and elsewhere, the iron curlicue/spiral motif resembles the 'leopard's tail' ornamentation of brass items. Tɔɔma is also the name for a spear. Cost: £2.
16.5B.27
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66.J11.444 Ceremonial brass helmet for initiation, bal suktundal (s), bari suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Cost: 16/-.
66.J11.445 Brass double clapperless bell/gong, dengkongkas suktunjas (s), dengkongki suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lugjo [Lugzo], nr. Yadim. H 18.1, W 26.5; LIH 13.3, LWM 13.1, LED 6.65, LID 5.8; SIH 10.7, SWM 10.8, SED 10.1, SID 9.15. Cost: £4/15/-.
66.J11.446 Brass pot stand, tɔɔma suktunka (s), tɔɔma suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Cost: £2.
66.J11.447 Brass drinking bowl, kur suktunkak (s). Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Yadim. A sketch in Chappel's fieldnotes (66.3: 71) confirms that this is a drinking bowl. Cost: £3.
66.J11.448 Brass pot stand. Acquired at Cholli, 28.07.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo. Cost: £2.
66.J11.449 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Yungur. Dirma, 27.07.1966. Commissioned by vendor from woman at Suktu. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.450 Fixed-key xylophone: Yungur. Dumne, 27.07.1966. Commissioned from Remos of Dumne. Cost: £2/10-.
66.J11.451 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Daneeji). Location acquired not recorded, 29.07.1966. Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.452-4 Items acquired at Cholli, 29.07.1966. Vendor: Ibrahim.
66.J11.452 Ceremonial brass hoe. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.453 Ceremonial brass hoe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati, nr. Lainde. Socketed. Cost: 15/-.
Shaft sketched by Nancy Maas, bottom left
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66.J11.454 Brass short sword/dagger. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lugjo [Lugzo]. The seller (to Ibrahim) said the heads were of a bush animal (Fulfulde lelwa, Verre baiyamas, Senegal gazelle?), and the dagger had been made by Gabdewa of Chamba [Tchamba in Cameroon?] who told him this. The seller/original owner claimed to have been present at the casting. Cost: £3/10/-.
66.J11.455-457 Three women's brass arm bands. Acquired at Cholli, 29.07.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: 5/- each.
66.J11.458 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Kablai. Acquired at Girei, 30.07.1966. Engraved by vendor, Dudud (see 303, 398-9 above). Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.459 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Acquired at Girei, 30.07.1966. Engraved by wife of vendor, Mallam Shuwaibu. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.460-1 Two small pressure-engraved gourd bowls: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Acquired at Girei, 30.07.1966. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.462 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Acquired at Girei, 30.07.1966. Engraved by vendor, Awayu, at Jaɓɓi Lamba. Design: bawo huunyaare, Fulfulde, back/shell of tortoise. Learnt in Bornu from Wodaabe relative. Cost: 14/-.
66.J11.463 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Acquired at Girei, 30.07.1966. Engraved by vendor, Hapsatu, Yola-born, but like many Yola Fulani probably of Bata origin. Since marriage, living in the compound of the Magaaji, the official who collects the tax in Yola. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.464 Brass short sword/dagger, wɛk ga'ga] (s); ga'ga refers to the double spiral decorative pattern. Acquired at Cholli, 01.08.1966. Vendor: Ezzara. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Salassah Yadim. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.465 Brass clapperless bell/handgong, buruk suktunkak (s), burum suktunmam (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 01.08.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Salassah Yadim. Fieldnotes (1966, 7: 8-9) record this is the type beaten by the saari age grade at Gangni, initiation; the size and shape of the handle, inclined downwards, led informants to identify this as for Gazabi. H 24.3, W 16; IH 17.9, WM 15.5, ED 9.1, ID 8.2. There appears to be a metal armature in the handle, still surrounded by the clay core. Traditional cost: 1 goat. Cost: £2/5/-.
16.8B.3 16.7A.9 or 16.7A.10
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66.J11.466 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Girei, 06.08.1966. Engraved by Hawayu. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.467 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Yola, 12.08,1966. Vendor: a Duru woman, visiting Yola market from near Garoua. She originally purchased the gourd from a woman in the Hausa Quarter, Yola, who had herself commissioned it from a Fulani woman at Mayo Ine. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.468 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Bata. Yola market, 12.08.1966. Engraved by vendor, Biscilla of Rugange, a Bata settlement near Yola. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.469 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Wodaabe). Girei, 13.08.1966. Engraved by vendor, Hawado, of Jabbi Lamba. Cost: 6/6.
66.J11.470 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Kablai. Girei, 13.08.1966. Engraved by Dudu, Hausa-speaking Kablai immigrant (refugee?) from Fort Lamy area of Republic of Chad. Now residing in Lainde, near Girei. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.471 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Yola, 15.08.1966. Engraved at Mayo Ine. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.472 Brass bracelet: Yungur (mbongo/mbongsa). Dumne, 19.08.1966. Said to have been cast locally. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.473-4 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Yungur. Dumne, 19.08.1966. Engraved by Lawan of Dumne (male). Cost: 473 10/-; 474 10/-.
66.J11.475-6 Beer strainers: Lala. Dumne, 19.08.1966. Made at Shellen. Cost: 475 1/3; 476 1/3.
66.J11.477 Pressure-engraved bottle gourd: Kablai. Girei, 20.08.1966. Engraved by Dudu (see also 470). Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.478 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl, with painted interior: Settled Fulani. Girei, 30.08.1966. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.479 Cornstalk 'pen' for interior painting of gourd: Settled Fulani. Girei, 30.08.1966. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.480 Silver hairpin (traditional): Settled Fulani (masɔsi, (s)). Yola, 05.09.1966. Traditionally commissioned from local silversmith using imported silver coins - initially German, then British. When new silver coins were introduced these were, it was claimed, largely commandeered by the Lamiido and his close associates and turned into bridle decorations for their horses: hence such hairpins were now hard to find. Cost: £1.
66.J11.481-2 Coiled basketry mats/bowl covers: Settled Fulani (mbedu, (s)). Yola, 05.09.1966. Vendor: Dija Beti. Cost: 481 15/-; 482 10/-.
66.J11.483-5 Coiled basketry mats/bowl covers: Settled Fulani (mbedu, (s)). Yola, 05.09.1966. Vendor: Hapsatu. Cost: 8/- each.
66.J11.486 Head pad for gourd: Settled Fulani (tekkere, (s)). Girei, 10.09.1966. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.487-90 Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.487 Women's smoking pipe, kula ɓi'jaas (s), kulani ɓi'kiyai (pl). Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.488 Iron sickle, sɔps (s), sɔbi (pl). Exclusively for male use. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.489 Women's iron bracelet, maas wanbogorɔs (s), maii wanabogori (pl). Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.490 Men's iron bracelet, maas yaaks (s), mai yaagi (pl). Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.491-5 Items acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli.
66.J11.491 Brass musical pipe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tomsoro. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.492 Brass ceremonial spear, tɔɔma suktunu (s), tɔɔma suktunkak (pl). For use of priest-chief (dɔnda gbijaas). Cost: £1/10/-.
16.4B.22
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66.J11.493 Brass pot ring, kal suktundal (s), kara suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Salassah Yadim. Cost: £3.
66.J11.494 Brass ceremonial shoes/sandals, tagar suktundal (s), tagi suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Korkao, nr. Yadim. Said to have been cast by Yamarum at Salassah Yadim. Original cost: two goats. [Exhibited in the Jos Museum display cabinet of Adamawa Metalwork in 1967, see illustrations.] Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.495 Iron ceremonial double hoe, tul fɔrundal (s), tula fɔni (pl). Later informants suggested this should be tul fɔrunkak (s) which traditionally cost 3 goats. 'For Gazabi not Tibaai; for dɔnda gbijaas only; for use at Wala; held by him when leading dance and procession' (Fieldnotes 7: 59). Cost: £1.
UCLA Rubin archive - we do not know whether this hoe or that in the 1967 Jos Museum display was 495 collected by Chappel; the piece depicted seems to join rounded and squared blades, respectively associated with women and men
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66.J11.496 Unidentified brass item, initially transcribed as balla suktunkak (s), ballit suktuntat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo. Probably a ritual staff gbala (s), gbalit (pl). Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.497 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.498 Spear (almost certainly of brass, judging by price paid). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.499-503 Items acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Boniface.
66.J11.499 Brass ceremonial drinking bowl (skeuomorph of gourd), kur suktunkak (s), kurt suktunati (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. Two rings of decoration around rim. Blench and Edwards dictionary kər/kət, gourd. Cost: £2/15/-.
16.5B.29.
66.J11.500 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk suktundal (s), wɛm suktunmam (pl). Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.501 Large ring (whether a pot ring or a personal adornment is not recorded). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. Cost: 501-3 together £5.
66.J11.502 Musical pipe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Bought with 501/3 for £5.
66.J11.503 Brass short sword/dagger. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Dolli, nr. Benglengfa. Bought with 501/2 for £5.
66.J11.504 Bell (iron?), fongan (s), fongani (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Possibly misclassified by vendor (pɔngan?). Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.505 Iron hoe, tul fɔrandal (s), tula fɔni (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.506 Brass short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Ezzara. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bayi or Derkopa, nr. Karlahi. Price not recorded.
66.J11.507 Spear (most probably brass head). Acquired at Cholli, 13.09.1966. Vendor: Ezzara. Price not recorded.
16.5B.29
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66.J11.508 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Acquired at Yola, 22.08.1966. Engraved by owner and vendor, Ada Beti, Yola-born, but residing in nearby hamlet of Beti. Friend of Dija Beti (see 509 below). Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.509 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Settled Fulani. Acquired at Yola, 19.08.1966. Engraved by owner and vendor, Dija Beti, who had been taught the work by her mother in Mayo Ine. Cost:6/-.
66.J11.510 No record current locatable.
66.J11.511-16 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.511 Iron bow string puller, na (hand) kuti (s), nat kutti (pl). Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.512-14 Three iron rings for women's little fingers, maas (s), maai (pl). Cost: 1/- each.
66.J11.515 Single brass clapperless bell/gong, buruk suktunkak (s), burum suktunmam (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. H 24.35, W 17.5; IH 18.5, WM 16.9. ED 8.4, ID 7.5. There are clear indications of an iron armature embedded in the clay core of the handle. Cost: £1/15/-.
16.1B.3
66.J11.516 Brass ceremonial drinking bowl, kur suktunkak (s), kurt suktuntati (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. Skeuomorph of decorated gourd. Height 9.4, Diameter 17.0cm. Cost: £2/3/-.
16.8B.3 contact print, on ring 703
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Nancy Maas - note
66.J11.517-20 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli.
66.J11.517 Women's bracelet. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.518 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl) (clapper missing). Decorated type restricted to Tibaai or smiths. Reportedly acquired from Sagdi. H 14.2, W 8.1. Cost: £1.
16.3C.17 16.7C.15 contact print
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66.J11.519 Women's brass smoking pipe, kulang suktunu (s), kulangi suktunu (pl) [transcribed below as kula suktunjas (s), kula suktiniyal (pl)]. Sketched by Maas in 1974 who compares surface decoration to that on bell (658). Reportedly acquired by vendor from Sagdi. Cost: 15/-.
Maas - upper section
66.J11.520 Women's two-piece brass ceremonial hoe. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Sagdi. With female goat's horns. It was explained that the blades of women's hoes were curved, whereas men's hoes were square-sided, with ram's horns. Cost: £3/5/-.
Maas sketch of handle (top right)
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66.J11.521-28 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.66. Vendor: Yakubu.
66.J11.521-4 Four women's brass bracelets, pɔngan (s), pɔngani (pl). Cost: 7/- for all four.
66.J11.525-6 Two brass bells (for men). No measurements. Cost: 525 15/-; 526 10/-.
16.1C.5 525
16.4C.21 526 Arnold Rubin via Nancy Maas
66.J11.527 Brass ceremonial helmet for men, bal suktundal (s). Fieldnote records (66.5: 86), 'Cap [decorated] with fadalla [Fulfulde, compare fadale, white-tailed cow, Taylor 1932:46; more likely padella, reedbuck], kwantarafi [Hausa, reedbuck?]'. Cost: £1/5/-.
16.5C.30A
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Sketch and note by Nancy Maas
66.J11.528 Pot ring, kal (s), karai (pl). Fieldnote records (66.5: 86) this item as 'for bowls'. Given price, presumably not in brass. Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.529-33 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Maudai.
66.J11.529 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl) (clapper missing). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Decorated type restricted to Tibaai or smiths. H 14.9, W 9.9. Cost: £1.
16.2C.10 16.7C.13 contact print
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66.J11.530 Brass ceremonial musical pipe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.531 Brass ceremonial spear. Cost: £1.
16.4B.20
66.J11.532-3 Brass double clapperless bell/gong. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Chambers now separated. H 24.25, W15.6; LIH 17.7, LWM 14.0, LED 10.3, LID 9.0; SIH 11.2, SWM 9.9, SED 7.5, SID 6.5. When joined the iron socket prong of the smaller chamber was riveted into the handle of the larger chamber. Cost: large chamber £1/15/-; small chamber 12/6.
16.1B.4 large chamber 16.2B.11 small chamber
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66.J11.534 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kogara, nr. Karlahi. Fieldnote records (66.5: 87), 'with head of man'. Maas remarks 'beard' ; openwork scabbard through which iron blade is visible . Cost: £2/5/-.
Nancy Maas sketch, short sword and scabbard; pommel ornamented with anthropomorphic central boss and three protrusions (crotal bells?) to either side. Overall length 16½ inches, 41.5cm.
66.J11.535 Two spears with brass heads. Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: James. Cost: 535 £1/5/-; 536 £1.
16.4B.18 535
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16.4B.19 536
66.J11.537-9 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Ezzara.
66.J11.537 Men's brass ceremonial drinking bowl; gourd skeuomorph; single band of decoration and small loop. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Lainde. See also Nancy Maas note on 516. Cost: £2/5/-.
16.6B.34
66.J11.538 Men's brass ceremonial beer jar, yerk suktunkak (s), yerm suktunmam (pl). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Vengni. Supposing the ring is around 13cm then to judge by proportions of the photograph, roughly H 26, D (widest) 17. Cost: £3/15/-.
16.3B.16 16.7C.28 contact print on ring 605
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66.J11.539 Pot ring for ceremonial beer jar yerk, probably in iron given the price, kal yerk (s), kara yerm (pl). See 528 above. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.540-44 Items acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.540 Men's brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktundal (s). Chappel fieldnote (66.5: 88) records: 'goat's horns/male - ram's head'; Maas: 'the animal … described as a goat is a bush animal, probably a Benue kob' (see her note on sketch: 453 and 520.). If the animal was not a ram, as the vendor claimed, identification with Senegalese gazelle is made in other cases (562, 592). Cost: £1.
66.J11.541 (Small) pot stand/ring, probably an iron ring given its price. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lainde. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.542 (Large) brass pot stand/ring. The price paid for 542 indicates an item in brass, either a large ring or a stand, hence the considerable price differential with 539, 540 and also 528 supposing that was in metal. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.543 Ceremonial brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Wom. H 17.5, W 11.3. Traditional cost 6 goats ('final check'). Cost: £1/15/-.
16.3C.18 16.7C.9 contact print
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66.J11.544 Men's brass short sword/dagger, wɛk suktundal (s), wɛm suktunmam (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tomsoro. For the exclusive use of men of the senior age grade (dɔnda) during ceremonies for Do'os. Fieldnote (66.5: 88) records it to be of 'different type [from that] used by younger men'. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.545 Brass ceremonial spear (both shaft and head), tɔɔma suktunu (s), tɔɔma suktunkak (pl), shaft - gbala suktunkak (s), gbalit suktuntat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Yesufu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sambi, nr. Lainde. Cost: £3.
16.4B.26
66.J11.546 Ceremonial brass drinking bowl, gourd skeuomorph with single band of zigzag design. Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lainde. See also Nancy Maas note on 516. H 10.1, W 17.0. Cost: £2/5/-.
16.8A.12 contact print on ring 703 16.5B.33
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66.J11.547 Ceremonial brass short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tomsoro. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.548-50 Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli.
66.J11.548-9 Two brass spear heads. Cost: 548 £1/10/-; 549 15/-.
UCLA Rubin Archive - probably identification
66.J11.550 (Small) brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Wom. Smaller and less or un-decorated type for Gazabi or farmers. H 7, W 5.6. Unusually, the clapper/hanger is a single piece of iron. Cost: 6/-.
16.6C.31 16.7C.26 contact print Arnold Rubin via Nancy Maas
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66.J11.551-58 Acquired at Cholli, 19.09.1966. Vendor: Suliman.
66.J11.551 Brass drinking bowl, kur (s). Cost: £2/5/-.
66.J11.552 Musical pipe, gul (s), possibly brass given price. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tomsoro. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.553 Musical pipe, gul (s), possibly brass given price. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati. Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.554 Smoking pipe, maas kulang (s). Cost: 3/6.
66.J11.555 Not identified specifically, but probably brass fan/fly whisk, duma suktunkak (s), dumit suktuntat (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Wom. Fieldnote (66.5: 98) records 'for men'. See 765 below. [N.B. duma is the name for a brass fan or fly whisk in other entries.] Cost: £1.
66.J11.556 Men's brass bracelet, kambu suktunjas (s), kambol suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Wom. Cost: 9/-.
66.J11.557 Brass spear shaft, gbala suktunkak (s), gbalit suktuntat (pl). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Bayi. Cost: £1.
66.J11.558 Brass double clapperless double bell/handgong. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Vengni. H 22.7, W 29.2; LIH 15.1, LWM 16.2, LED 8.1, LID 7.5; SIH 10.5, SWM 10.9, SED 7.3, SID 6.4. There appears to be a second casting over the socket joint at the handle: perhaps the handle was inadequate after the first casting. The socket prong, embedded in the core of the larger chamber, projects into the chamber of the smaller. Maas: note includes photograph of the same object from its other, damaged side. Cost: £2/15/-.
16.7A.16 Nancy Maas, reverse, including 16.2B.16
66.J11.559 Ceremonial brass stemmed goblet, telkal suktundal (s), tenkari suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 23.09.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sambi, nr. Lainde. No measurements available. Cost: £4.
16.4B.27 16.8A.25
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66.J11.560 (Small) iron sickle, tambus. Acquired from Cholli, 23.09.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Initial fieldnote (66.5.: 92) records 'for young girl'; later fieldnote (66.7: 34) records, 'A practice version made by brass-caster - not for use' or, it was also suggested, this might be a small version of the larger Tibaai tambus for use by Gazabi at their own Gangni initiation ceremony. The strong association of the sickle with masculinity argues against the accuracy of the vendor's view. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.561-64 Acquired at Cholli, 23.09.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo.
66.J11.561 Brass ceremonial circumcision crook. Fieldnote (66.5: 92) records, 'with kwantarafi (Hausa, reedbuck?)'; see Maas, 562 below. Cost: 17/-.
66.J11.562 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktundal (s). Fieldnote (66.5: 92) records, 'with kwantarafi (Hausa, reedbuck?)' see 561 above). Maas also suggests reedbuck with query (see her note on her sketch of 453 & 520). Cost: £1.
Maas's sketch labelled 572 gives dimensions of 12 inches for shaft and 6 inches for blade. According to Chappel's notes, 572 should be a dagger, so we are assuming a slip and placing the sketch here until this can be checked. Cost: £1.
66.J11.563 Women's brass bracelet, pɔngan (s). The coil motif on plaited background is identical to that on three bracelets collected by the Frobenius expedition in 1911 and illustrated in the Frobenius archive and on accession to museums in Dresden and Hamburg. Cost: 6/-.
16.8A.33
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66.J11.564 Women's brass bracelet, pɔngan (s). Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.565-67a & b Acquired at Cholli, 23.09.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.565 Women's brass smoking pipe, kula ɓi'jaas (s), kulani ɓi'kiyai (pl), see also 413 and 487 for alternative Verre terms. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Jili. Cost: 13/-.
66.J11.566 Men's bracelet, kambu (s), kambol (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Jili. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.567a & b Men's brass dance fan (note circular central motif) and handle, horsehair now missing, duma (s), dumit (pl). Cost: 7/6.
567a, 16.2C.7A 567b, 16.2C.8A
66.J11.568 Ceremonial brass clapper bell. Acquired at Cholli, 23.09,1966. Vendor: Maudai. Maas: brass bell with clapper. Height 6 inches (15cm), Diameter 3½ inches (8cm). Cost: 7/6.
Maas notes, including 16.6C.34
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66.J11.569 Men's brass dance fan, duma (s). Acquired at Cholli, 23.09,1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Marachi. Same term as 567a & b above. Cost: £1.
66.J11.570 Brass clapperless hand bell, buruk doi'yaaks (s), burum doi'yaagi (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 10.10.1966. Vendor: Akila. Reportedly acquired by vendor from Bayi, nr. Uki. Fieldnotes (66.5: 98) record, 'can be struck with anything made of metal. Used during Do'os ceremonies'. Fieldnotes (66.7: 53) notes use by Gazabi at Gangni, initiation. H 11.5, W 6.5; IH 9.3, WM 4.9, ED 3.4, ID 2.7. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels. Cost: 18/-.
16.8B.6 16.8B.7 (reverse side, contact print)
Nancy Maas notes including 16.6C.35
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66.J11.571 Brass ear plug. Acquired at Cholli, 10.10.1966. Vendor: Akila. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.572 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 10.10.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Initially fieldnotes (55.5: 98) suggested a 'man wearing cow's horns', but 'final check' (66.7: 18) records, 'Not man's head, goat's head. Explanation provided by Yakubu [one of the most frequent Cholli vendors]: the maker [caster] wanted to show that his work was better than others. So, he said, "I will make a goat's head and see if the others can do the same". He was proving his ability to do something different.' Cost: £3.
66.J11.573 Brass bell. Acquired at Cholli, 10.10.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Maas has an extensive note. Cost: 5/-.
Maas note, including 16.5C.28
66.J11.574 Scabbard for missing brass ceremonial short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 10.10.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Boi, nr. Lainde. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.575-78 Items acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966 . Vendor: Samuila.
66.J11.575 (Damaged) brass ceremonial drinking bowl, decorated gourd skeuomorph. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Kura, nr. Yadim. See also Nancy Maas note on 516. H 9.5, D 18.2. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.6B.35 16.7C.34 contact print, 605 UCLA Rubin archive
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66.J11.576 Brass ceremonial drinking, gourd skeuomorph (undamaged); decorated rim. H 9.6, D 19.1. Cost: £2.
16.5B.31 16.7C.33 on 409
66.J11.577 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger. Reportedly acquired by vendor from Sagdi. Fieldnotes from 'final check' (66.7: 19) describe it as a wɛk ja short sword for Gazabi. Ja refers to the interlace motif replicating plaited grass as in zana mats. The rounded projections are porg (s), porm (pl) replicating medicine containers. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.578 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.579-87 Acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Ezzara.
66.J11.579 Double clapperless brass bell/handgong. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Guriga. H 26.3, W 32; LIH 19.4, LWM 18.6, LED 12.1, LID 10.6; SIH 11.6, SWM 12.5, SED 8.8, SID 7.9. Core remaining in smaller handle, the iron socket prong of which projects well into the larger chamber; leather binding covers socket. Decoration bears some similarity to 532-3. Cost: £2/15/-.
16.7A.15
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66.J11.580 Musical pipe (price indicates brass). Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.581-4 Four women's brass rings, wal suktundal (s), wana suktini (pl). Cost: 5/- together.
66.J11.585 Men's brass medicine container, gul gbondunal (s), gura gbodini (pl). Fieldnotes (66.5: 10) record 'safiru medicine container. Worn by men on the right hip only'. Openwork, elongated object with belt loop; presumably phallic. Cost: 10/-.
16.8B.33
66.J11.586 Brass bell. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Maro, nr. Cholli, or Kura nr. Yadim. H 13.1, D 9.6. Cost: 15/-.
16.2C.11 6.7C.17 contact print
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66.J11.587 Women's smoking pipe. Cost: £1.
66.J11.588-90 Items acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Stefanus.
66.J11.588 Ceremonial brass drinking bowl. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Vengni, or Kura, nr. Yadim. Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.589 Men's medicine container (large), gul gbondunal (s), gura gbodini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Marachi. 'Worn by men on the right hip only', note that women's bells and pendants are worn on the left hip. See 586. Cost: 10/-.
16.8B.34
66.J11.590 Men's medicine container (small), gul gbondunal (s). Cost: 1/-.
66.J11.591 Single chamber brass clapperless bell/handgong. Acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966 . Vendor: Ayuba. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. H 34, W 16.5; IH 22.2, WM 15.8, ED 10.5, ID 9.9. The handle is core-filled: there is no sign of an armature. Cost: £1/15/-.
16.7A.8 contact print 16.8B.4 contact print
66.J11.592 Women's brass bracelet, pɔngan (s). Acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.593 Ceremonial brass short sword/dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Brass hilt filial with an anthropomorphic central boss flanked by two crotal bells (two, or two pairs, more may be missing). Cost: £2/15/-.
16.7B.33, 34, 35 contact prints
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66.J11.594 Ceremonial brass pot stand. Acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Simon. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Yadim. Cost: £2/5/-.
66.J11.595-7 Items acquired at Cholli, 14.10.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.595 Ceremonial brass hoe. Fieldnote (66.5: 102) records, 'with kwantarafi' (Hausa, reedbuck?)', presumably horns thereof. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.596 Bracelet. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.597 'Brass knobkerrie' (Notebook 66.7: 102), ballal (s). Probably a brass ceremonial staff, gbala (s), gbangla (pl). Cost: £1.
66.J11.598 Hunting bow etc. Recorded (66.7: 102) as rab lugujare (s), rat lugujare (pl). Lugujaare (s), lugujaaje (pl), is a Fulfulde word referring specifically to an archer's pull ring (Taylor,1932:128). It was said that Verre learnt the technique for using it from the Fulani. Rab is a Verre word translated as 'catch'. Presumably part of a hunting set. (See also 699.) Cost: £1.
16.3B.66
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66.J11.599-601 Three brass bracelets, pɔngan (s). Cost: 599 7/-; 600 5/-; 601 5/-.
66.J11.602-10 Items acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: James.
66.J11.602 Ceremonial brass clapper bell, kerumd Tibaai (s), kerumi Tibaai (pl). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Kesa, nr. Cholli. Also classified as: kerumd sa'sai Tibaai (s). Sa'sai indicates 'ankle bells' or crotal decoration; Tibaai indicates that use is restricted to smiths. H 15.6, W 8.8. Traditional cost 2 goats ('final check'). Cost: £1/5/-.
16.3C.15 16.7C.12
66.J11.603 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (clapper missing). Also classified as kerumd mulɛ Tibaai (s); mulɛ indicating brass-beaded waistband type of decoration at the shoulder of the bell, and Tibaai that this kind of decoration is restricted to smiths. H 14.1, W 8.0. Cost: £1.
16.1C.1 16.7C.16 UCLA Rubin Archive, left
Maas
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66.J11.604 Brass clapper bell, kerumd Gazabi (s), kerumi Gazabi (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. Gazabi indicates exclusive use by farmers. H 13.1, W 7.8. Traditional cost one goat ('final check'). Cost: £1.
16.7C.24 16.5C.26
66.J11.605 Brass bowl ring wand suktundal (s), wani suktini (pl). Note it is not designated a kal or pot stand, presumably on account of its size being that of an armband. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Boki. Photographed with 538, 575, 623. About 13cm to judge by the photographs for two jars for which we have dimensions. Cost: 12/-.
16.7C.29 supporting 623 16.7C.28 supporting 53816.7C.34 supporting 575
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66.J11.606 Brass bracelet, pɔngan(s). Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.607 Brass clapper bell, kerumd suktundal (s), kerumi suktini (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. Also classified as kerumd Tibaai, see 603 above. H 11.7, W 7.4. Traditional cost one goat ('final check'). Cost: £1.
16.4C.23 16.7C.20 contact print
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66.J11.608 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger (without scabbard), wɛk tɔngta Gazabi (s), wɛm tɔngtai Gazabii (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tosa [Toza], nr. Karlahi. Fieldnote (66.5: 106) records that 'tɔngta (s), tɔngte (pl) refers to "funnel" worn on head by [Gazabi] initiates (two bought)'. See 712 below. Cost: £1.
66.J11.609 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk wan marus Tibaai (s), wɛm wan mari Tibaai (pl). Use restricted to smiths. Fieldnote (66.5: 106) records 'wan marus = head (of anything)'. Claim that heads were female is probably from a later source. Cost: £2.
66.J11.610 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk sokkol Tibaai (s), wɛm sokkoli Tibaai (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Togaro. Sokkol refers to a particular style in which women plait their hair (later communication elaborates as, plaits running from the ear to the side of the chin). Cost: 10/-.
Fieldnote (66.5: 106-7) records, 'All other daggers and knives for use by Tibaai, and all from Bosibani, nr. Karlahi'. Additional note on knives: 'Verre term for knives, generally, wɛk (s), wɛm (pl); handle, do'gur (s), do'gi (pl); brass handle, do'gur suktundak (s), do'gi suktini (pl); wood handle, do'gur rap (s), do'gi rat (pl); all iron knife, wɛk dengbur (s), wɛm dengbi (pl). Knives may also be classified according to the type of decoration employed, e.g. 544 wɛk ga'ga (s), wɛm [wɛma] ga (pl), ga referring to spiral motif (wherever found), ga'ga to a double spiral; 664 wɛk ga'ga deesire (s), wɛm [wɛma] ga'ga deesirei (pl), the term deesire being applied generally to this knob-like form of decorative motif; 500, wɛk deesire (s), wɛm [wɛma] deesire (pl).
66.J11.611 Two brass ornamental bracelets, pɔngan. Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Elli. Cost: 611 5/-; 612 6/-.
66.J11.613 Brass bell, kɛrumd Tibaai (s). Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Elli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bositani, nr. Karlahi. Cost: 5/-.
Fieldnote (66.5: 107) records, 'Decoration/motifs: bit (s), bir (pl), a generic term. No special terms for different types of decoration other than ga (s) (spiral), bix (s), bigi (pl) (snake pattern), mulɛ (knobs on women's waistband), sa'sai (s) ankle bells.'
16.4C.22
66.J11.614 Brass ceremonial, clapperless double handbell/handgong. Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Simon. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Doladi, nr. Guriga. Both handles are core-filled; no sign of a metal armature. Leather binding covers handle and socket joint. H 27.3, W 28.4; LIH 20.3, LWM 14.3; SIH 12.1, SWM 11.7; LED 7.9, LID 7.0; SED 7.0, SID 6.2 Cost: £2.
16.2B.7 16.7A.13 enlarged contact print
UCLA Arnold Rubin archive
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66.J11.615 Bracelet. Acquired at Cholli, 17.10 1966. Vendor: Simon. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.616-18 Items acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Akila.
66.J11.616 Bracelet. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.617 Men's brass arm ornament, wand'na (s), wani'na (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Wan+na? Elsewhere na is translated as hand, recorded as 'worn on upper arm'. Cost 5/-.
66.J11.618 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk ja (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Guriga. Ja refers to the interlace motif replicating plaited grass as in zana mats. The rounded projections, porg (s), porm (pl), replicate medicine containers. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.619 Brass dagger/short sword and scabbard. Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Benglengfa. Noted as wɛk wan marus Tibaai. Wan marus implies an anthropomorphic element in the decorative motifs on the pommel, in this case the central boss being a head. Possibly the dagger in the 1967 Jos display cabinet. Cost: £2/10/-.
Nancy Maas sketch: right, front of dagger; left, back of dagger (not including back of protuberances). The overall sheathed length is 14½ inches = c.37cm. Of scabbard back, 'almost open. Core or overflow metal still visible'; front: 'braided or segmented ridges'. Pommel: 'holes, core visible'.
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66.J11.620-22 Items acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.620 Brass ceremonial bowl, shaped like a drinking gourd. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Boki, nr. Lainde. Rim decoration (including loop), and two vertical lines of decorative spirals. Cost: £2/10/-.
16.5B.32
66.J11.621 Brass pot stand/ring bought together with 620. More likely to be a small ring given price. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.622 Brass pot stand for do'os rituals, tɔɔma gbaas (s), tɔɔma gba (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bokli, nr. Lainde, or Vengni. If complete it would have had a brass shaft. Cost: £2.
16.5C.29A
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66.J11.623 Brass ceremonial vessel, dens suktunjas (s), denda suktini (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 17.10.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bokki, nr. Karlahi, or Boki, nr. Lainde. Information from 'final check', called gurme suktunu (s), gurmei suktini (pl). Measurements taken when photographed: Height 15.4, Diameter at mouth 12.0. For senior baaba gbijaas, Gazabiwoman only and used during Ris Kaguri first fruits [shaped like a water storage jar rather than a beer jar, yerk]. Cost: £3.
16.3B.14 16.7C.29 contact print, on ring 605
66.J11.624-5 Two raffia baskets: Settled Fulani, kindaire (s), kindaije (pl), Fulfulde. Acquired at Yola, 17.10.1966. Made at Jada, Sardauna Province. Used as containers for gourds. Cost: 6/- each.
66.J11.626 Identified by vendor as gamsis (s), gamsi (pl) [probably gamsus (s), sickle]. Acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor Bapi Cholli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bayi. Fieldnotes (66.5: 112) on acquisition record it be held by priest-chief during Do'os ceremonies. Later checked with informants who disagreed (66.7: 33-4 'final check') and thought 626 a type of crook for farmers, tambus Gazabi; it was singled out (with accompanying sketch) as an example of the 'flatter-curved' blade characteristic of this type of ceremonial object, in contrast to the more sharply curved Tibaai variety of tambus. It was additionally described as tambus nengtabungs (s), tamba nengtabungni (pl), the descriptor said to designate horizontal bands of decoration. An analogy with Chamba suggests this might be a sickle-like priestly insigne such as that on the left in the plate below. If 626 is indeed the piece in Rubin's photograph, resembling a crook with a sickle blade, then it is understandable informants might disagree whether to class it a sickle or crook. Cost: 15/-.
Possibly, Rubin archive, left
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66.J11.627 Men's brass container (for snuff), gul taba (s), guri taba (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor Bapi Cholli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Yadim. Cost: 6/-.
Fieldnote (66.5: 112) records gul as general term for container used by men; with a stopper of leaves. Chappel's later informants (66.7: 56 'final check') revised this account to suggest this object was ja jaks suktunkak (s), ja jagi suktuntat (pl). For Tibaai only, and then restricted to dɔndas wajaas and gbijaas (not sari). Used during Gangni: held hanging from second and third fingers of left hand. Snuff, anfideka run (s & pl), put in it. Traditional cost: 1 cockerel.
66.J11.628 Unidentified object. Acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor Alim Cholli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Marachi. Fieldnote (66.5: 112) identifies this object as saferu [cf. Taylor,1932:163, safiru, Fulfulde, brass medicine container]. So most probably a brass medicine container. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.629-32 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.629 Brass bell, kerumd bix Tibaai. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Noted that bix refers to snake-skin decoration. Traditional cost 1 goat. Cost: 8/-.
16.1C.6
66.J11.630 Brass clapper bell, kerumd bix Tibaai. Reportedly acquired from vendor at Sagdi. H 12.1; W 6.4. Cost: 8/-.
16.4C.19 16.7C.21 contact print UCLA Rubin Archive, right
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66.J11.631 Men's ivory bracelet, wand (s), wani (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kesa. Informants commented, 'probably not Verre'. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.632 Smoking pipe (presumed brass from price). Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.633-36 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli.
66.J11.633 Clay male figure, wan marus wops (s), yanga mari wops (pl). Cost: 2/-.
Musa, the vendor, claimed that it was made in Cholli by local women and held by girls dancing during various ceremonies for Do'os. This account was contradicted by Chappel's regular informants (66.7: 63), during his 'final check , 'For Tibaai only; for sari, dɔnda wajaas, and dɔnda gbijaas if can't afford brass; must also be marus person. Held during Serkana festival in right hand against hip [sketch showing pose similar to that of clay figure] [whilst] saying: "I am holding my friend". Made by women - not for women. Kept by owners in sleeping rooms.' 'My friend' may be a reference to a special or specifically joking relationship. These informants were adamant that such figures were never used by women.
16.6C.34A
66.J11.634
Ceremonial brass crook, tambus sa'sai Gazabi (s); sa'sai indicates that the decoration replicates crotal bells; as the name suggests, used by farmers, Gazabi. Cost: 15/-.
Nancy Maas sketch, 12½ inches = 32cm
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66.J11.635 Crook, tambus mulɛ Tibaai (s); mulɛ refers to women's waistbands. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Cholli. Subsequently noted as for Gazabi. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.636 Crook. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Korkalo. Subsequently noted as for Gazabi. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.637-42 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.637 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd mulɛ Tibaai (s); for mulɛ reference see 635 above. Cost: 15/-.
16.2C.7
66.J11.638 Brass ceremonial clapper bell with extensive decoration, kerumd sa'sai Tibaai (s); for sa'sai reference see 634 above. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lainde. H 14.4, W 9.9. Cost: 15/-.
16.1C.3 16.7C.14 contact print Sketch Nancy Maas; slide Arnold Rubin
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Rubin (with 672)
66.J11.639 Brass ceremonial clapper bell, kerumd ga Gazabi (s). The term ga refers to the ubiquitous spiral motif. Among smaller bells (all identified as being for use by Gazabi). No measurements. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Cost: 10/-.
16.6C.32
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66.J11.640 Brass medicine container, saferu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. See also 432 and 628. Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.641 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktundal (s). Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.642 Identified only as a pipe. Most probably smoking, rather than musical (latter usually indicated), and probably brass, given price (an ordinary smoking pipe, 2/-). Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.643 Brass clapper bell, kerumd mulɛ Tibaai (s). Acquired at Choll, 24.10.1966. Vendor: James. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Decorated type restricted to Tibaai or smiths. H 17.6, W 9.6. Cost: £1.
16.1C.2 16.7C.11 contact print
66.J11.644 Women's bracelet, pɔngan (s). Acquired at Choll, 24.10.1966. Vendor: James. Cost: 6/-.
6.J11.645-47 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Samuila.
6.J11.645 Iron smoking pipe, maas kulang (s). Cost: 6/-.
UCLA Rubin Archive, upper, probable identification
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66.J11.646 Brass ceremonial clapper bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Smaller and less or un-decorated type for Gazabi or farmers. From Sagdi. H 10.2, W 6.2. Cost: 7/-.
16.4C.20 16.7C.22 contact print
66.J11.647 Ceremonial iron spear/staff, not pointed but with rattle top, tɔɔma bogarus (s), tɔɔma bogari (pl). Note that bogarus is an iron leg rattle. Owned by senior dɔnda, dɔnda gbijaas. Traditional cost: 2 goats. Cost: £1.
16.5B.25
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66.J11.648-50 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Abila.
66.J11.648 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Ragin, nr. Uki. Said to have been made by Yawam of Lainde. Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.649 Brass clapper bell, kerumd ga Gazabi (s). For ga reference see 639 above. Among additional smaller bells (all identified as being for use by Gazabi). No measurements. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Cost: 6/-.
16.6C.33
66.J11.650 Brass clapper bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Among additional smaller bells (all identified as being for use by Gazabi). No measurements. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat) ('final check'). Cost: 4/-.
16.2C.10A
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66.J11.651-57 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Layi.
66.J11.651 Two brass armbands/sleeves, pɔngan suktunkak (s). Gazabi do not have these, just Tibaai: they are worn only at the Serkana festival. Women's bracelets are also termed pɔngan (653, 563, 617, 659) despite being different in form; they are worn only by baaba (women of senior age-grade). Traditional cost of both the armband and bracelet was 2 goats. Cost: 651 10/-; 652 6/-.
Nancy Maas sketch of pɔngan; with flared central section, 4½ x 3¾ inches (11 x 9.5cm)
66.J11.653 Men's ivory bracelet, wand (s), wani (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lainde. A brass version of this, worn by women, and similar to a pɔngan, is called wan suktundal. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.654 Brass clapper bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Boi. Smaller and less or un-decorated type for Gazabi or farmers. As well as an unusual form, this bell has a single-piece clapper (one prong of which has broken off), whereas most clappers for larger bells are suspended from a hanger. H 9.0, W 7.4. Cost: 3/-.
16.7C.23
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Nancy Maas note and photograph 16.5C.27
66.J11.655 Ceremonial staff, gbala (s), gbalit (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Guriga. Cost: £1.
66.J11.656 Brass bracelet, pɔngan (s). Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.657 Brass ceremonial bowl, ker (s), shaped like a drinking gourd with two decorative bands and a small loop. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Kura. No measurements available. See also Nancy Maas note on 516 where it is described as a smaller example, oval and 5½ inches at its widest diameter. Cost: £1.
16.6B.36
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66.J11.658-61 Items acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Ardo Sambo.
66.J11.658 Brass crotal ankle bells, sa'sai (s). Cost: 3/-.
Exhibited Jos 1974, not necessarily this accession number
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66.J11.659 Men's ivory bracelet, wand (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. See 653. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.660 Bracelet, pɔngan (s). Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.661 Ritual brass staff, gbala arandu (s), gbalit arandi (pl). See 655 above. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Seba, nr.Maro, or Rumde, nr.Cholli. Traditional cost 3 goats and 30 cowries. Cost: £1/10/-.
Fieldnote (66.7: 10 'final check') records,
'Only for Tibaai: though both Tibaai and Gazabi may own iron versions. Within Tibaai, dɔnda wajaas and dɔnda gbijaas may own brass versions. These are used during the ceremony of Baaka Do'os, relating to inauguration of dɔnda wajaas. Iron versions can be owned by was and sari and used for many purposes, including hunting. Formerly, they were also a weapon of war. The brass versions can be used for the ceremonial pre-circumcision "beating" of initiates. Only sari, dɔnda wajaas and dɔnda gbijaas are/were allowed into the Do'os cult house, lug Do'os. If someone else entered, a dɔnda gbijaas could use his gbala to beat him and, formerly, kill him, it being announced that "Do'os has killed him".'
66.J11.662 Brass clapper bell, kerumd ga Gazabi (s). Acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Ezzara. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Boki [Bokki]. Smaller and less or un-decorated type for Gazabi or farmers. Iron cross-piece for a clapper is brass-welded to the inside of the bell. H 12.7, W 13.75. Traditional cost: 1 goat. Cost: £1.
16.7C.25 (reversed) 16.7C.25 contact print 16.4C.24
66.J11.663 Brass clapper bell for Tibaai. Acquired at Cholli, 24.10.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Cost: £1.
Nancy Maas sketch (centre left); five additional Verre bells illustrated were acquired after the Chappel collection in 1967 and 1970
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66.J11.664-5 Male and female pair of squat carved wooden figures, wan marus rap (s), yanga maari rat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 28.10.1966. Vendor: their carver, Modari Cholli, (male aged around 45 years). Type of wood (rap) used: bomp (s), boms (pl); danawal (Fulfulde). Modari recounted that he saw an old man carving and copied him, and that he was the only person in Cholli making such images. The figures were held by girls during the Dei-ki initiation rites, particularly the Zangazaar ceremony which involved making and drinking beer. It was described as like Do'os for women and seen only by them. The beeswax in which abrus seeds are embedded is called dis sawosi. The seeds are called dukomberli (s), dukomberlui (pl.). Cost: 10/- each.
16.4C.24A female 16.4C.25A male
66.J11.666 Fixed-key xylophone: Laka. Acquired at Jimeta,29.10.1966. Commissioned (23.08.1966) from Musa of Jimeta. Cost not recorded.
66.J11.667 Decorated gourd bowl. No further information recorded. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.668-74 Items acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Elli.
66.J11.668 Brass clapper bell, kerumd bix Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. Cost: 15/-.
Nancy Maas sketch: Height: 8" (20cm) Diameter: 3.25" (8.5cm)
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66.J11.669 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk ja Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. The term ja refers to plaited zana matting, here referencing the cut-out patterning. May be owned but not used by Gazabi. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.7B.36 Rubin 1973, Plate XVa
Left - Arnold Rubin Papers Box 11
http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt5z09p0rn
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The composition (front-light on a dark ground) suggests this photograph belongs to the series recording items in the Jos museum. We are unable to identify the central and right-hand daggers with accession numbers. They appear neither of them is 619, the dagger drawn by Maas, nor the dagger on the left-hand side wall of the Jos display cabinet of Adamawa metalwork.
66.J11.670 Brass smoking pipe. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.671 Knife, wɛk do'gur Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Fieldnote (66.7: 19) records, 'do'gur because of the shape of the handle/hilt'. Price paid suggests iron, not brass. Note accessioned as 'knife' and not 'short sword' or 'dagger'. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.672 Brass clapper bell, kerumd mulɛ Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Guriga. The term mulɛ indicates a decorative replication of the form of a woman's waistband. This bell has unusually elongated proportions; its clapper is missing. H 14.5, W 7.5. Traditional cost 1 goat. Cost: 10/-.
The print and contact prints look to be the same piece, although taken at different times. Nancy Maas's sketch is from a colour slide, without Jos accession number, that is also found in Arnold Rubin's collection of photographs from Jos, now in his archive at the Fowler Museum.
16.3C.13 16.7C.19 contact print Nancy Maas/Arnold Rubin
Rubin (with 538)
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66.J11.673 Ceremonial hoe, tul (s). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Bayi [Bai], nr. Uki. Price paid suggests brass. Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.674 Brass scabbard only. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Guriga. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.675 Brass ceremonial musical instrument (horn?), fɔra suktunkak (s), fɔrt suktuntat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. Price paid suggests an exceptional item. Field note (66.5: 121) records 'for calling people to Do'os [shrine]; if blown they must leave whatever they are doing'. Later note (66.7: 57 'final check'), that it is 'for the use of Tibaai only; a dɔnda gbijaas being the only person permitted to own one. Used during Taaki ceremony. It may be loaned to sari, who pay 1/- each for the privilege of playing it in turn. Traditional cost of 3 goats inhibits ownership of more than one.' (Chappel was told there were none such at Cholli because of the expense.) Cost: £4/10/-.
The expense suggests that this item may be the horn of which there is a slide in the Arnold Rubin archive below. But that image lacks a reference number to the Jos Museum.
https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/13030/kt6p3007xm/
UCLA Fowler Museum http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt6p3007xm Box 11
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66.J11.676 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk japs Tibaai (s), wɛm jabi Tibaai (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sagdi. The term japs refers to a decorative motif replicating crocodile scales. The informants from whom Chappel assembled final comments demurred, claiming the dagger was for Gazabi, as was 500, because both had a triangle at the top, referencing the Gazabi initiation helmet, tɔngta, also lacking the ga [or spiral] decoration appropriate for Gangni circumcision ritual. The proper term, in their view, should have been wɛk tɔngta. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.677-80 Items acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki.
66.J11.677 Double brass clapperless bell/handgong, dengkonkas (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Womledi. For use of Tibaai during Gangni circumcision rites and the Ris Kaguri first fruits festival. Riveted (iron) at socket joint. The socket prong of the smaller chamber projects into the chamber of the larger bell. Large chamber seems to have cracked. Similar to 579. H 23.9, W 32.5; LIH 18.1, LWM 18.7, LED 8.1, LID 6.8; SIH 11.2, SWM 10.7, SED 6.05, SID 5.15. Cost: £1/15/-.
16.2B.8 16.8B.5 enlarged contact print
UCLA Arnold Rubin archive
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66.J11.678 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk wan marus Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Womledi. The description wan marus refers to anthropomorphic figure(s). Cost: £1.
66.J11.679 Beer strainer, zangazaar (s), zangaza (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tuki. Cost: 5/-.
16.4B.24
66.J11.680 Beer strainer (wood version), zangazaar rap (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tuki. Formerly a (bottle?) gourd would have been used instead of metal, similarly for 679. Cost: 5/-.
16.4B.26
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66.J11.681 Bracelet, pɔngan sa'sai (s). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendo: Samuel Cholli. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Bati. Presumably with crotal bells (sa'sai). Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.682 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd ga Gazabi (s). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati. The term ga refers to the spiral decorative pattern. Noted by Maas as 16x8cm (see 66.J11.568). Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Cost: 14/-.
16.5C.25
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66.J11.683 Brass ceremonial circumcision crook, tambus ga'ga Tibaai (s). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Akila. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sarap, nr. Cholli. Supposedly made by Yasaruma of Ragin. The duplication of syllables, ga'ga, describes a double spiral pattern. Fieldnote (66.7: 24 'final check') records the traditional cost as 2 goats (in 1966 goats cost 15/-; hence two of them would have cost £1/10/-, so the purchase price in 1966 was apparently less than half the initial cost). Cost: 12/-.
66.J11.684-87 Items acquired at Cholli, 4.11.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.684 Women's brass waistband, mulɛ wɛrinis (s), mulɛ wɛrini (pl). Fieldnote (66.5: 123) records that wɛrinis refers to 'things' in maas in between (metal/iron rings?). 'Only wives of very rich men would own these'. This may have been an ornate version of the brass waistband with some more elaborate beads, perhaps those with protuberances similar to pipe rings, or else small, curved pendants. Traditional cost would have been three goats. Cost: 1/5/-.
66.J11.685 Women's hip pendant in the form of an oversized brass bead, wɛla cheede (s). The term cheede relates this pendant with that formed of cowry clusters and worn similarly. Cost: £1.
66.J11.686 Type of stringed instrument, 'violin', bank (s), bangrum (pl). Cost: £1.
66.J11.687 Sample of ore supposedly from 'copper mines', wutu wɛs (s), wuta wɛngbi (pl). Sent to Thurstan Shaw at Ibadan University for analysis, which proved inconclusive. Chappel's side of this correspondence survives in the Rubin Archive of the Fowler Museum UCLA.
66.J11.688 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktundal (s). Acquired at Cholli, 31.10.1966. Vendor: Manu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lugjo, nr. Cholli. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.689 Ceremonial circumcision crook, tambus Gazabi (s), tambi Gazabi (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 04.11.1966. Vendor: Manu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lugjo, nr. Cholli. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.690 Ceremonial (brass?) short sword/dagger, wɛk danga Tibaai (s), wɛm dangat Tibaai (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 04.11.1966. Vendor: Bapi Cholli. Later informants (66.7: 19 'final check') identified this as wɛk tɔngta Gazabi, a dagger bearing the device of the circumcision helmet worn by farmers. The term danga does not recur in the accession list (except as an hourglass tension drum, supposing the tone is the same) and so might be a dialectal variant (compare 608), or a mistake on the part of the vendor or Chappel's transcription, or a comparison to the waisted shape of the tension drum. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.691 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd bix Tibaai (s), kerumi bigi Tibaai (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 04.11.1966. Vendor: Salimu. No measurements recorded, but Maas notes similarity to both 668 with dimensions H 8 inches (20cm), W 3¼ inches (8.5cm), and 69.J.9.1. Cost: 12/-.
Nancy Maas sketch 16.2C.12
66.J11.692 Clay oil lamp, fitila (s). Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Vendor: name not recorded. Fieldnote (66.5: 125) records 'similar to Fulani oil lamp: ground nut oil used'. Term is a Fulfulde loan. Cost: 4/-.
16.6C.35A
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66.J11.693-5 Three men's ivory bracelets, wani (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Vendor: name not recorded. Fieldnote (66.5: 125) records: 'two serrated for Tibaai; non-serrated for Gazabi'. Cost: 6/- for three.
66.J11.696a & b 'White-skin' bag to contain medicines, buna (s), bunut (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Owner and vendor: Yakubu of Cholli. Ingredients and recorded in fieldnotes (66.5: 127-31, on 10.11.1966). Cost: £3.
16.6C.37A 16.6C.38B
66.J11.697 Ritual staff, gbala Tibaai (s). Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.698 Brass pot ring, kal Tibaai (s). Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Cost: 14/-.
66.J11.699 Bow and quiver with arrows. Acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Cost: £1.
Fieldnotes (66.5: 132): vendor explained the three grades in relation to ownership of bow types: pre-circumcision, wasa wasas (s), yangi tuma (pl); post-circumcision, was (s), yangi (pl); senior grade, dɔnda(s), dɔndai (pl), after many gifts and sacrifices to Do'os. This bow was for the middle grade, was. A bow bought previously (see 598 from Samuel Cholli) was for dɔndai.
16.3B.17
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66.J11.700-3 Items acquired at Cholli, 08.11.1966 . Vendor: Hamman of Tuki.
66.J11.700-1 Two brass ceremonial bells, kerumd Gazabi (s). Cost: 700 6/-; 701 6/-.
6.3C.13A 16.3C.15A
66.J11.702-3 Two women's arm bands, wan bi (s), wani bi (pl). 703 photographed as a pot stand with 516, 546 and 802. Note the knobs probably in the pattern derived from brass waist beads. 703 D 12.6. Cost: 9/- each.
16.7C.30 with 802 16.8B.11 516 16.8A.12 546
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66.J11.704-6 Items acquired at Cholli, 11.11.1966. Vendor: Usuman.
66.J11.704 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Cost: 6/-.
16.3C.18A
66.J11.705 Boy's neck charm, gura bus (s), gura boyii (pl). Cost: 6/-.
'Brass cast neck charm for boys consisting of 5 curved, conical shaped bells without clappers and 3 pellet bells. Thread technique', Nancy Maas note
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66.J11.706 Women's hair decoration, kumsas (s), kumsai (pl). [Probably in iron with an arrow-like head, to judge by similarly named item for Mapeo Chamba, which also accords with Chappel's recollection.] Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.707 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Acquired at Cholli, 11.11.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Cost: 3/-.
16.3C.17A
66.J11.708 Leather bow-string puller (field photographs of this in use), lugujaare (s) (Fulfulde). Acquired at Cholli, 11.11.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Said to have been adopted from the Fulani. Cost: 1/6.
16.4C.19A
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66.J11.709 Wooden female figure, wan marus rap (s), yanga maari rat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Elli. Carved at Tɔza, near Karlahi. Cost: 12/6.
Fieldnotes (66.5: 25-29): may be carried by women dancing after Gangni (male circumcision) ceremony. Loaned by a grandmother to grandson: 'This is your future wife: if you run away, she will leave you and go to someone else.' It is also recorded that the use of wooden figures was restricted to non-smiths and to Tɔza, Gogara and Guriga areas. Further information on the production and use of these figures may also be found here.
Arnold Rubin file card with photograph (UCLA Fowler Museum) identifies this figure as 720 with a height of 14¾ inches (37.5cm). 709 and 720 are similar in overall form, so one or other record has been transposed.
16.4C.23A
66.J11.710 Knife (lacking scabbard), wɛ' gā'gá (s) unusually tones marked. Compare 411; described in fieldnotes as a knife rather than a dagger. Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Yesufu. The description ga'ga refers to the double spiral decorative motif. Fieldnotes (66.7:11 'final check') contain a sketch of 710, showing 'split' hilt, possibly in brass thought this is not explicit, with two opposed, enlarged spiral forms serving as a pommel; iron blade is straight-sided. Used during Gangni and to cut the throat of sacrificial goat during Guri, a funeral ceremony for a dɔnda. Worn on the right hip. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.711-13 Items acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli.
66.J11.711 Women's brass ceremonial pipe, kulang suktunu (s). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Salassah Yadim. Fieldnote (66.5: 30) records 'for Gazabi - Tibaai pipes have "feet"' [i.e. ridges on the bottom of the bowl allowing the pipe to stand upright and unsupported]. Cost: 15/-.
66.J11.712-13 Two brass initiation helmets, tɔngta (s), tɔngtai (pl). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Bareji, nr. Tuki. Said to have been made at Womzangi, nr. Salassah Yadim. Undecorated version of the crown of the helmet for Gazabi, equivalent to the Tibaai bal. Cost: 12/-.
16.3B.15 712
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66.J11.714 Musical pipe/horn, gula delel (s), guri deli (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Ezzara. Fieldnotes (66.5: 41) record that the instrument, having been adopted from the Koma people, is referred to by its Koma name. It is 'blown when a) all taxes have been collected in December; b) a hunter is in trouble in the bush, e.g. an SOS; c) when a senior dɔnda dies.' Cost: 10/-.
66.J11.715-17 Items acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966 . Vendor: Abila.
66.J11.715 Men's brass ceremonial smoking pipe, kulang suktunjas (s). Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Yawom, nr. Salassah Yadim. For Tibaai. Cost: £1.
66.J11.716 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk ga'ga Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Yawom, nr. Salassah Yadim. Cost: £1/10/-.
66.J11.717 Brass ceremonial beer jar, yerk (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Yawom, nr. Yadim Salassah. For Tibaai. No measurements available. Cost: £2/10/-.
16.3B.12
66.J11.718 Hair scratcher, kumsas (s), kumsai (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Samuel Cholli. Fieldnote (66.5: 57) records item is 'also referred to as jalbal (s) (Fulfulde), indicating Fulani origin.' [Note same term for hair tool in Chamba.] Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.719 Women's brass necklace. Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli. Cost: 7/6.
16.4B.20
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66.J11.720 Wooden female figure, wan marus rap, decorated with abrus seeds. Acquired at Ragin, 12.11.1966. Vendor: a woman from Uki who had bought it from Tɔza people about 7 years earlier. Cost: £1/10/-.
Fieldnotes record (66.5: 39) that the vendor bought it because she saw people dancing with such figures; she was the only person with such a figure in Uki. She was willing to sell it because other women bothered her too much by wanting to hold it at a recent harvest festival and did not buy their own. Further note that she was a Marus, and that she regarded this figure as 'her child' and that 'her real children are for work; this one for play'.
Arnold Rubin file card with photograph (UCLA Fowler Museum) identifies this figure as 709 (see note above) with a height of 11¼ inches (28.6cm).
16.4C.22A
66.J11.721 Women's brass bead waistband, mulɛ. Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Ali Tukur. Cost: 7/6.
16.1B.6
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66.J11.722 Stringed musical instrument, bank (s). Acquired at Cholli, 18.11.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Lainde. For Tibaai. Resonator of goatskin. Cost: £2.
16.1B.4
66.J11.723-4 Two stringed musical instruments, bank (s). Acquired at Cholli, 12.11.1966. Vendor: Ayuba. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Uki. For Gazabi. Cost: £1/17/6 each.
16.1B.3 723
66.J11.725-9 Four cow horns and one antelope horn musical pipes. Acquired at Cholli, 18.11.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Pipes played during Ris Kaguri festival. Five is the correct number of pipes, each of which is individually named. Audiotapes sent to National Sound Archive in 2019. Cost: 725 lɛruma 5/-; 726 segu 6/-; 727 dupser 5/-; 728 gɔtus 5/-; 728 bambi antelope horn 6/-.
66.J11.726 16.1C.1A 66.J11.727 16.1C.2A
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66.J11.728 16.1C.4A 66.J11.729 16.1C.6A
66.J11.730 Fixed-key xylophone: Bachama. Commissioned from Mallam Llamu (no further information, including cost).
66.J11.731-34 Items acquired at Tuki, 21.11.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki.
66.J11.731 Brass ceremonial stemmed goblet. Reportedly acquired from Arnado Dagi of Tɔza, nr. Karlahi. The vendor claimed the goblet to have been cast by his grandfather. For Tibaai. H 18.5, D 20.4. Cost: £2.
16.8B.10
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66.J11.732 Ceremonial brass bell, kerumd Tibaai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Ngurore, nr. Karlahi. Cost: 12/-.
16.2C.9
66.J11.733 Ceremonial brass bell, kerumd Gazabi. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Ngurore, nr. Karlahi. H 14.6; W 7.2. Cost: 8/-.
16.8B.8 Maas including 16.3C.14
66.J11.734 Iron double clapperless bell/handgong, dengkonkas (s) dengkonki (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tuki. For use of Tibaai during Gangni circumcision rites and Ris Kaguri first fruits festival; Gazabi use it for Gangni only. H 21.6, W 28; LIH 13.2, LWM 11.6, LID 9.4; SIH 10.5, SWM 7.3, SED 6.3. Traditional cost: 2 goats. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.7B.10 16.7B.11 16.1B.1
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Nancy Maas note
66.J11.735 Ceremonial small brass bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Acquired at Uki, 21.11.1966. Vendor: Gidado. Traditional cost: 2 cockerels (= ½ goat). Cost: 2/6.
16.3C.14A
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66.J11,736 Girl's miniature brass smoking pipe, kula suktunus yanga nui (s). Acquired at Uki, 21.11.1966. Vendor: Gidado. Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.737 Women's bracelet, pɔngan Tibaai sa'sai (s). Acquired at Uki, 21.11.1966. Vendor: Akila. Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.738-9 Pressure-engraved bottle gourd snuff containers: Yungur, gumtabe (s). Dumne, 25.11.1966. Engraved by Dingene of Dumne. Cost: 2/- each.
66.J11.740 Pressure-engraved bottle gourd snuff containers: Yungur, gumtabe (s). Dumne, 25.11.1966. Engraved by Lawan of Dumne. Cost: 2/-.
66.J11.741-3 Pressure engraved gourd bowls: Yungur. Dumne, 25.11.1966. Engraved by Lawan of Dumne. Cost: £1/4/- for the three.
66.J11.744 Pressure engraved gourd bowls: Yungur. Dumne, 25.11.1966. Engraved by Akao of Dumne. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.745 Pressure engraved gourd bowls: Yungur. Dumne, 25.11.1966. Engraver not known. Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.746-48 Items acquired at Tuki, 28.11.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki.
66.J11.746 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk suktunu (s), wɛm suktini (pl). For Tibaai. Cost: £2.
66.J11.747 Staff/knobkerrie in iron, gbala (s). For Tibaai. Cost: 11/-.
66.J11.748 Brass ceremonial circumcision crook, tambus suktunus (s). For Tibaai. Cost: 11/-.
66.J11.749 Alleged sample of 'raw' copper alloy supposed to have been smelted from locally acquired ore 'a long time ago', jumnet suktuntat (s). Acquired at Ragin, 28.11.1966. Vendor: brass-caster Ɔfa Kila of Ragin. Cost: £3/10/- including 751.
Note: The person detailed by Ɔfa Kila to collect a sample from the 'mines' in the Verre Hills announced that he had failed to complete the mission because a) the zam, hill spirit guardians of the mine had 'closed it up' (allegedly with wops, a mixture of clay and cow dung) and b) that the essential medicinal protection that he used may have been out-of-date, too old and dried out (see 751). After a prolonged argument, he reluctantly agreed to try again, using a fresh supply of the required medicine.
66.J11.750 Mineral ore sample(s) resulting from the second attempt to procure copper ore as outlined above. Acquired at Cholli, 14.12.1966. Vendor: Ayuba, acting as 'agent' for the brass-caster Ɔfa Kila of Ragin (as 749). Letter of 27.01.1967 from Chappel to Thurstan Shaw refers to 'two' samples sent to the University of Ibadan for analysis. There was no way of knowing whether a genuine attempt to source the ore was made. Cost: £1.
66.J11.751 Twigs, dersers (s). Acquired at Ragin, 28.11.1966. Vendor: brass-caster Ɔfa Kila of Ragin. A medicine is made from this tree with which to frighten away the zam spirits so as to permit mining to take place. In Fulfulde this tree is yotere (Taylor 1932: 238, youtere, mistletoe [W.Indian]: Loranthus Pentagonia); in Hausa it is kause. Also, require 'moss from stone', tautau (Fulfulde). Cost: included in 749.
66.J11.752 Iron pot stand, tɔɔma gbaas (s). Acquired at Ragin, 28.11.1966. Vendor: Akila. Reportedly purchased by vendor from Ndakpa and Samurai of Kesa. Cost: £1/10/-.
16.5B.28
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66.J11.753 Brass female figure, wan marus (s), yanga mari (pl). Acquired at Ragin, 28.11.1966. Vendor: Akila. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bori, nr. Beti. Overall height 33.9cm; height to waistband (lower edge) 12.4cm; height from waistband to shoulder 12.2cm; outer finger to outer finger 11.9cm. Cost: £5.
16.8A.16 16.8A.17
16.7B.18 16.7B.19 16.8B.16 16.8B.17
66.J11.754 Brass ceremonial bowl in the form of a gourd drinking vessel with decorative rim band. Acquired at Cholli, 1.12.1966. Vendor: Usumanu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Salassah Yadim. Unlike other examples, appears not to have a loop. Cost: £3.
16.5B.28
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66.J11.755-60 Items acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Musa Cholli.
66.J11.755 Bracelet, pɔngan Tibaai (s). Cost: 7/-.
66.J11.756 Men's ivory bracelet/armband, wand Tibaai (s). Noted to have decorative mulɛ.
Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.757 Men's ivory bracelet/armband, wand Tibaai (s). Cost: 3/-.
66.J11.758-60 Three brass necklaces, fɛ (s), fer (pl). For Tibaai. Cost: 758 6/-, 759 7/-, 760 7/-.
16.3B.19 758
66.J11.761-64 Items acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.761 Brass initiation helmet for Tibaai, bal (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Sarap, nr. Cholli. Cost: £1.
66.J11.762 Brass bracelet, pɔngan sa'sai (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Tangbi, nr. Cholli. Cost: 8/-.
66.J11.763 Brass necklace, fɛ (s). Cost: 6/-.
16.3B.21
66.J11.764 Brass smoking pipe. For Gazabi. Cost: £1.
66.J11.765 Dance fly whisk, duma (s), dumat (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Akila. Held by dɔnda gbijaas (priest-chief) when dancing during ceremonies. Cost: 4/-.
16.2C.9A
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66.J11.766 Brass double clapperless bell/gong, dengkonkas (s). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Wakili. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Guriga. For Gazabi. The cores remain in both handles which are covered with a layer of grass and leather binding. Noticeably heavier than other double brass clapperless bells. H 25.0, W 21.3; LIH 17.7, LWM 10.0, LED 9.3, LID 8.7; SIH 11.2, SWM 8.7, SED 8.1, SID 7.1. Cost: £3.
16.2B.9 16.7A.12
Nancy Maas sketch
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Fieldnotes (66.7: 8 'final check') record that when discussing the differences between brass bells for Tibaai and those for Gazabi, informants observed that one of the principal differences - the others being size, shape and amount of decoration - between the two was the curve of the 'head' (juri), i.e. handle. In the Tibaai version, the curve is 'up', e.g. 766, singled out as an example, rather than 'down', as in the Gazabi version. Informants also noted that both types of bell were beaten, with a stick, only at Gangni, the circumcision ceremony, and then only by sari, members of the penultimate age-grade. Traditional costs: Tibaai double bell, 2 large goats, Tibaai single bell, 1 goat; Gazabi double bell, 1 goat and 1 cockerel, Gazabi single bell, 1 goat.
66.J11.767 Brass ceremonial bell, kerumd Gazabi (s). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Wakili. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Guriga. Cost: 5/-.
16.6C.36 (cropping per original image)
66.J11.768 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul suktunu (s). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Wakili. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Guriga. For Gazabi. Cost: £1/-.
66.J11.769 Brass ceremonial short sword/dagger, wɛk suktunkak (s). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki. Reportedly acquired by the vendor at Karlahi. For Gazabi. Cost: £2/10/-.
66.J11.770 Beer strainer, zangazaar (s), zangaza (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 01.12.1966. For Tibaai. Vendor: Elli. Cost: 7/-.
16.4B.25
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66.J11.771-75 Items acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Ayuba.
66.J11.771 Smoking pipe, kulang (s). Cost: 9/-.
66.J11.772 Brass initiation helmet, tɔngta(s). For Gazabi. Cost: 9/-.
16.6B.35
66.J11.773 Ritual brass staff, gbala (s). For Tibaai. Cost: £1.
66.J11.774-5 Two bracelets, pɔngan (s). Cost: 5/- each.
66.J11.776 Ritual brass staff, gbala (s). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Usumanu. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Lugjo [Lugzo], nr. Salassah Yadim. For Tibaai. Cost: £2/8/-.
66.J11.777 Hunter's bird mask/decoy, suk tigi (s), suktak tigi (pl). Acquired at Cholli, 05.12.1966. Vendor: Usumanu. Described as 'a Verre thing' not borrowed. Cost: £1/5/-.
16.5C.26
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66.J11.778-88 consist of brass bracelets etc. from Mubi market; hence there must be an error in relation to
66.J11.789 Pyro-engraved gourd bowl: Pastoral Fulani (Jafun). Uba market, 08.12.1966. Engraved at Yeroua, nr. Maiduguri, by Mallam Magunga, his name inscribed on two Muslim prayer-boards depicted. Cost: £1.
66.J11.790 Coiled basketry mat cover for 789. Uba market, 08.12.1966. Cost: 6/-.
66.J11.791 Penis sheath: Verre. Yola, 07.12.1966. Gift of Mallam Shehu of Jimeta.
66.J11.792 Coiled basket with headring attached: Margi. Uba market, 08.12.1966. Cost: 4/-.
66.J11.793 Pressure-engraved gourd bowl: Kilba. Hong, 9.12.1966. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.794 Brass women's bracelet: Ga'anda. Ga'anda, 10.12.1966. Cast by Sasitamin of Ga'anda. Cost: 5/-.
66.J11.795-6 Pressure engraved gourd bowls: Ga'anda. Ga'anda, 10.12.1966. Engraved by Redap of Ga'anda. Cost: 795 3/6; 796 4/6.
66.J11.797 Pressure-engraved gourd spoon: Ga'anda. Ga'anda, 10.12.1966. Engraved by woman at Gabin. Cost: 2/6.
66.J11.798-9 Two cow horn pipes, gul (s). Acquired at Cholli, 12.12.1966. Vendor: Salimu. Cost: 6/- each.
When added to the five pipes (725-9), with new addition 798 ( ya'ar) and 799 (mangre) replacing antelope horn (bambi), these six pipes perform at the Gura Bai ceremony. Fieldnotes record details of playing, etc.; audiotapes donated to UK National Sound Archive of these horns and also of Salimu's stringed instrument (not purchased).
66.J11.798 16.1C.3A 66.J11.799 16.1C.5A
66.J11.800 Brass ceremonial hoe, tul (s). Acquired at Cholli, 12.12.1966. Vendor: Abila. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Uki. For Tibaai women. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.801 Brass female figure, wan marus (s). Acquired at Tuki, 13.12.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki. Copper alloy female said to have been made by Yawam of Lainde, also a marus person himself, to whom were also attributed a dagger/short sword (648) and a brass jar yerk suktunu (802). Measurements: overall height 30cm; height to waistband (lower edge) 11.1cm; height from waistband to shoulder 11.1cm; outer finger to outer finger 12.7cm or 11.9cm. Cost: £5/5/-.
16.5C.27A 16.8B.18 16.8B.19
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16.7B.20 16.8B.18
66.J11.802 Brass beer jar, yerk suktunu (s). Acquired at Tuki, 13.12.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki. Reportedly acquired by vendor from Yafɔra of Lainde, and to have been made by Yawam of Lainde (see 648 and 801). Fieldnotes (66.6: 38) contain a sketch and record the offer of accompanying brass 'stand not bought, too expensive'. The lower half of the vessel appears to replicate the technique involved in the production of a coiled pot. Alternatively, perhaps, the caster, or other hand involved in the process, could simply have abandoned, for whatever reason, an original intention to cover the complete vessel with spirals. The enclosed shape with a long neck is that of a pottery beer jar rather than a water container. H 27.8, D (widest) 16. Cost: £2.
66.3B.15 16.7C.30 on 703
66.J11.803 Musical/wind instrument. Acquired at Cholli, 14.12.1966. Vendor: Yakubu. Composite construction of a gourd and animal horn. Cost: £2/5/-.
16.1B.2
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66.J11.804 Brass ceremonial smoking pipe, kulang suktunu (s). Acquired at Cholli, 14.12.1966. Vendor: Boniface. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.805-8 Pyro-engraved gourd bowls: Yungur. Dumne, 16.12.1966. Cost: 805 4/6; 806 6/-; 807 6/-; 807 4/-.
66.J11.809-12 Items acquired at Tuki, 26.12.1966. Vendor: Hamman of Tuki.
66.J11.809 Brass bowl of smoking pipe, maas kula (s). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati, nr. Karlahi. Fieldnote (66.6: 40) records 'Hamman a Tɔri man. [Pipe] for Gazabi only. Animal (bull?) referred to as Do'os. For dɔnda gbijaas only.' For more on Tɔri, see main text. RF: the head is identical to that of the Chamba theranthropic, i.e. animal-human, in this case bushcow and human skull, fusion, masquerade which may perform in cult contexts. Karlahi is in the local cycle of markets of the Mapeo Chamba. Cost: 6/-.
16.8B.37 16.8B.38 contact prints
66.J11.810-11 Two rattle instruments, dara (s), darut (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati. Fieldnote (66.6: 40) records that these are for dɔnda gbijaas only during circumcision ceremony (Gangni). 'Stones put inside: stick through holes; held in right hand by dɔnda gbijaas who swings it around'. Used by Gazabi only. Blench records daará as a bottle-gourd rattle played by women for the Dei-ki funerary ceremony. Cost: 12/- each.
'Hollow sphere with central cu-out band of cross lines and funnels at either end. Something with looped rings attached to central cut-out band', - Nancy Maas note.
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66.J11.812 Men's brass arm band, wand na (hand) (s), wani na (pl). Reportedly acquired by vendor at Bati. Fine, openwork arm ring in the shape of a manila. Fieldnote (66.6: 40) records, 'worn on right arm by dɔnda gbijaas only at Gangni. For Gazabi only'. TC: In spite of the fact that Hamman of Tuki appeared well-informed about matters relating to metal artefacts, there was some doubt at the time that his classification of 809-12 as 'for Gazabi only' was altogether correct, given their relative decorative refinement. Unfortunately, this was the last occasion on which it might have been possible, time allowing, to pursue this line of enquiry further. Cost: 15/-.
https://calisphere.org/item/ark:/13030/kt5b69p08g/
UCLA Fowler Museum http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt5b69p08g
Box 11
66.J11.813-20 Items acquired at Cholli, 26.12.1966. Vendor: Salimu.
66.J11.813 Women's brass oversized bead pendant on a bead necklace, wɛla (s) and fɛ (s). For Gazabi. Cost: 10/-.
16.3B.18
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66.J11.814-5 Two daggers. Reportedly acquired by vendor at Geren (?). Cost: £1 each.
66.J11. 816-8 Three head pads tekere (s) [tekkere Fulfulde, Taylor 1932: 192]. Adopted from Fulani. Cost: 1/-.
66.J11.819 Brass necklace. Cost: £1/5/-.
66.J11.820 Small dagger, wɛk. Cost: 18/-.
67.J5.2 Small bell bought in Numan, by (probably) A. Moller of the SUM. Although with a different initial, served with the SUM Erling and Dorothea Møller between 1968-87 ( https://missionafrika.dk/mission-afrikas-historiske-hjoerne/ ). Note the clapper is suspended from a welded cross-piece, although there is also a hole at the top of the bell.
Nancy Maas sketch 6.5x5cm.
67.J6.4 - 16.3cm brass bell from Samoulan (sp?) - Nancy Maas note, see 663.
67.J6.16 - 21cm brass bell with decorative crotal bells on shoulder, Nancy Maas note, see 663.
67.J10.1 - brass double bell; accession and purchase dates apparently inconsistent
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67.J11.4 - Brass bowl described by Nancy Maas, see 66.J11.516
67.J12.2 - Brass bowl described by Nancy Maas, see 66.J11.516
67.J34.9 - small brass bell, possibly Verre and labelled as such.
Nancy Maas sketch 15x11.5cm
67.J52.? - Small brass bell bought at Numan by Allen Bassing for museum. Interior cross-piece; brass clapper would be unusual.
Nancy Maas sketch H: 6.5cm
68.J12.9 etc
Note by Nancy Maas (and reverse)
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68.J.42.3 - Small thin-cast, bell, possibly Verre, bought from Yehaya [trader?], by Anna Craven for museum. Interior, brass cross-piece for clapper.
Note and sketch by Nancy Maas
68.J.43.3 - Small bell bought for museum by Anna Craven. Sold on behalf of a Fulani collector from Karlahi (a market town in the vicinity of Verre). Interior cross-piece for clapper.
Nancy Maas sketch
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68.J.43.3 - Brass bowl with bright 'copper' spirals.
Nancy Maas note and sketch
69.J6.17 - Brass bell, height 18cm, Nancy Maas note, see 663.
70.J17.41 - brass short sword/dagger, bought from Musa Mubi (trader).
Nancy Maas sketch
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70.J37.4&5 - Two brass bells with handles, gifted to Jos Museum with Verre attribution.
Nancy Maas sketch
70.J67.7 - Brass bowl described by Nancy Maas, see 66.J11.516
70.J67.8 - Brass bell from Uki town, noted by Nancy Maas, see 66.J11.663.
70.J69.6 - All-iron hoe bought in Mubi, compared to Verre brass hoe by Maas, see 562.
70.J68.30 - Brass bell noted as similar to 66.J11.668 by Nancy Maas.
70.J70.56 - snuff bottle and spoon
Nancy Maas sketch
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70.J70.74 & 75 - Brass tobacco pipes
Nancy Maas sketch
70.J88.8 - Small brass bell from Suma village, kurumt, pl. kuymi, noted by Nancy Maas, 2.3 x 9.5 cm, see 663.
71.J54.1 - Small brass bell with iron clapper suspended from internal iron cross-piece.
Nancy Maas sketch
72.J19.11c
Nancy Maas sketch
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72.J19.79 & 80 - horse trappings?
1973.J59.3a Figure in wood accessioned as Verre.
1974.J41.194 Figure in wood accessioned as Chamba but stylistically as likely to be Verre.
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1974.J41.195 Figure in wood accessioned as Chamba but stylistically as likely to be Verre.
1974.J41.196 Figure in wood accessioned as Chamba but stylistically as likely to be Verre.
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1974.J41.200 Figure in wood accessioned as Chamba but stylistically as likely to be Verre.
Lagos 74.195.2A & 8A & 14C & 15A
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Nancy Maas note
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